<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959</id><updated>2012-01-31T13:58:02.779+01:00</updated><category term='climate sensitivity'/><category term='Pachauri'/><category term='2009'/><category term='Rahmstorf Deutsch'/><category term='Musil'/><category term='climate scientists'/><category term='Jassanoff'/><category term='China'/><category term='Interview Claussen Rahmstorf Brasseur'/><category term='IJC'/><category term='Medien Deutsch'/><category term='re-analysis of temp record'/><category term='nature'/><category term='Focus-Online Sanktjohanser'/><category term='Dune de Pilat'/><category term='poll'/><category term='Meeresspiegel'/><category term='Umfrage'/><category term='Deutsch ZAMG Österreich'/><category term='Klimazwiebel stats'/><category term='Parry'/><category term='Hochwasserrisiko'/><category term='2°-goal'/><category term='Tol'/><category term='Deutsch Neverla Medien'/><category term='Arnell'/><category term='projection'/><category term='League of Nations'/><category term='Modelle'/><category term='CRU'/><category term='Working Group 3'/><category term='Adaptation'/><category term='Ntherlands politics'/><category term='English Stehr democracy'/><category term='2 degree'/><category term='Climatic Determinism'/><category term='Klimazwiebel'/><category term='survey Heartland'/><category term='arctic oscillation'/><category term='Braun'/><category term='CliSci2008'/><category term='climate and weather'/><category term='Lysenko'/><category term='Deutsch'/><category term='Latif BILD'/><category term='precipitation'/><category term='Klimadeterminismus Aufenvenne'/><category term='Durban'/><category term='grün'/><category term='experiment'/><category term='Edenhofer ZDF IPCC'/><category term='2 GRad Ziel'/><category term='Laien'/><category term='extended peer review'/><category term='skeptogenesis'/><category term='Rahmstorf'/><category term='sea level'/><category term='Silke Beck'/><category term='Onion'/><category term='norms'/><category term='Maris Survey Skeptics'/><category term='Bengtsson'/><category term='Bosse'/><category term='ZDF'/><category term='Alarmismus'/><category term='Netherlands'/><category term='Beck Parlament'/><category term='Krauss Rooting'/><category term='KlimaCampus'/><category term='IPCC Germany'/><category term='English'/><category term='Institute of Ideas'/><category term='Interview'/><category term='consensus'/><category term='Stehr'/><category term='Beck. 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March 2010'/><category term='Frauen'/><category term='Lenton'/><category term='Spiegel'/><category term='Böhm'/><category term='Ravetz'/><category term='climate simulations'/><category term='Schiermeier'/><category term='Pearce'/><category term='Sustainability'/><category term='Rasmussen survey'/><category term='transdisciplinary'/><category term='Schenk Spencer'/><category term='Netherlands Delta'/><category term='Urteil'/><category term='mental illness'/><category term='climate reconstructions'/><category term='treerings'/><category term='Vienna'/><category term='IAC IPCC Busan'/><category term='survey contributions'/><category term='Sprache'/><category term='Gilland'/><category term='McEwan novel'/><category term='Canda financing'/><category term='Schenk'/><category term='Klimaservice'/><category term='&quot;corruption of science&quot;'/><category term='Eduardo Zorita interview'/><category term='COP15'/><category term='Mittelalterliche Warmperiode Böhm'/><category term='sceptics'/><category term='public perception'/><category term='BMBF Dialog Online'/><category term='coding errors'/><category term='values'/><category term='Climate Research'/><category term='Svensk'/><category term='postnormal'/><category term='IPCC'/><category term='Canada'/><category term='Hans von Storch'/><category term='Skeptics Survey'/><category term='Bray'/><category term='ZOD drafts IPCC'/><category term='ZDF Pachauri'/><category term='Klimakontroverse'/><category term='Copenhagen diagnosis'/><category term='AGU'/><category term='Reto'/><category term='ClimateGate'/><category term='Royal Society'/><category term='&quot;2 deg goal&quot;'/><category term='Geden'/><category term='Waste energy'/><category term='Living in denial'/><category term='Eurobarometer'/><category term='IPCC WG2'/><category term='Schumann Eastbrook'/><category term='Media'/><category term='KNMI; winter 2010'/><category term='Mitigation'/><category term='van oldenburgh'/><category term='ICSU IPCC'/><category term='survey left right'/><category term='climate policy'/><category term='detection attribution'/><category term='bicylces and more'/><category term='Exxon'/><category term='2003'/><category term='Atombomben'/><category term='von Storch'/><category term='Deutsch English'/><category term='earthquake'/><category term='Schellnhuber Spiegel'/><category term='CliSci Survey'/><category term='Rasmussesn sun'/><category term='peer review'/><category term='Enlish'/><category term='Laie'/><category term='Crok book'/><category term='Guardian refugees'/><category term='PNS'/><category term='Kyoto'/><category term='prediction'/><category term='Luhmann'/><category term='McMittrick'/><category term='Medieninteresse'/><category term='science'/><category term='Nachfrage'/><category term='Geden Klimapolitik'/><category term='WG2 IPCC AR4'/><category term='Himalaya'/><category term='op-ed'/><category term='Radio'/><category term='Österreich ZAMG'/><category term='Hulme Climatic Determinism'/><category term='Deutsch &quot;Hans von Storch&quot;'/><category term='Guardian'/><category term='Alltagsverhalten'/><category term='Komen Dutch'/><category term='policy advise'/><category term='Cancun'/><category term='4 degrees'/><category term='Norsk'/><category term='Germany'/><category term='IAC'/><category term='interviews Brzoska'/><category term='Demokratie'/><category term='Leser Quaritsch Kohlenstoff'/><category term='ddeutsch Wiedemann ZDF'/><category term='hot summer'/><category term='Klimaskeptiker'/><category term='ARD'/><category term='Stalinists'/><category term='Climate Vote project'/><category term='&quot;2 Grad&quot; Deutsch'/><title type='text'>Die Klimazwiebel</title><subtitle type='html'>Orientiert am Leitbild des "Honest Broker" schreiben wir über Klimaforschung und ihre Wechselwirkung mit der Politik. Wir tun dies in diversen Sprachen, Englisch, Spanisch, Deutsch, Dänisch, Schwedisch, Portugiesisch, Norwegisch, Niederländisch und so was.</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default?start-index=101&amp;max-results=100'/><author><name>eduardo</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/17725131974182980651</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ZfHbCG3yJ9A/TN_i6lqM-kI/AAAAAAAAADU/BVSBSyzQqcg/S220/smalldsc00588.jpg'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>482</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-4592541682524407521</id><published>2012-01-28T22:53:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2012-01-28T22:53:13.375+01:00</updated><title type='text'>IPCC deadlines</title><content type='html'>The next assessment Report of the Working Group I of the  IPCC is due in September 2013. It will only consider papers that have been published before March 2013 . In my opinion, this cut-off dates is at odds with the spirit of the IPCC. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;First an insider confession. These cut-off dates usually circulate widely among the the scientific community. In theory, it should not be so. The IPCC Reports are assumed to condense the scientific knowledge that is deeded to be useful for policy makers. Individual scientist not involved in the IPCC should be totally oblivion of these dates. The IPCC Reports are not aimed at them, and  if they are not contributing the  IPCC process, they should have no vested interest whatsoever on what the IPCC Reports actually contain. However, scientist being humans, each of us takes some pride when our own papers are cited by the IPCC and even more so if they are placed on a prominent place in the report. This is why most climate scientist will never read the IPCC report, but nevertheless know the cut-off dates quite well, and orientate their publication strategies along those lines. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But are those cut-off dates, so close to the final publication date of the Report, really reasonable or even beneficial ? If I was a policy maker I would not be so strongly interested that the Report contains the latest study describing the influence of climate on Mexican frogs, but rather I would require  robust, clear and comprehensible information about the main conclusions of climate research. A paper published in March 2013 will have barely  been discussed, refuted or  confirmed by September 2013. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I ignore the reasons for these tight cut-off dates, or even the reasons for their existence. One could assume that there is at some level a confusion between what constitutes &lt;i&gt;established&lt;/i&gt; science and &lt;i&gt;published&lt;/i&gt; science , but I am sure that the responsible scientist in the IPCC know this difference very well. I am, however, not that sure that policy makers grasp this subtle but important difference.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Would it not be much  more reasonable that IPCC authors focus on established science regardless of the stamped date of publication ? To be honest, I was quite amazed to see&amp;nbsp; in the drafts of the circulating IPCC reports&amp;nbsp; references to studies 'in preparation', of course in preparation by the authors of the Report themselves.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-4592541682524407521?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/4592541682524407521/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=4592541682524407521&amp;isPopup=true' title='11 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/4592541682524407521'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/4592541682524407521'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2012/01/ipcc-deadlines.html' title='IPCC deadlines'/><author><name>eduardo</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/17725131974182980651</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ZfHbCG3yJ9A/TN_i6lqM-kI/AAAAAAAAADU/BVSBSyzQqcg/S220/smalldsc00588.jpg'/></author><thr:total>11</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-4398001738158048142</id><published>2012-01-26T18:34:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2012-01-26T18:34:33.305+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Models and reality</title><content type='html'>&lt;style type="text/css"&gt; &lt;!--  @page { margin: 2cm }  P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;,In view of the interest on scepticism, I thought that the following text on models, written as a sort of personal introduction within the Post Normal Science workshop (more info &lt;a href="http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/05/klimawissenschaft-in-einem-postnormalen.html"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/05/postnormal-science-workshop-nature.html"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; held in Hamburg last year, could be interesting for some readers of Klimazwiebel. It is a bit too long  and there is no guarantee that at the end the reader will be satisfied. On similar tone, but much better written, is the article by &lt;a href="http://www.faz.net/aktuell/wissen/weltraum/wirklichkeit-richtig-simuliert-die-kunst-modellhafter-welterkenntnis-11573418.html"&gt;Sibylle Anderl&lt;/a&gt; in FAZ.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;          &lt;style type="text/css"&gt; &lt;!--  @page { margin: 2cm }  P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align="JUSTIFY" class="western" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;My view of science, rightly or wrongly, is strongly influenced by my university background. Physics students are confronted from the very beginning with the concepts of theory and models. I would argue that these two concepts are not really separated and I would use both words as synonymous here - some models are theoretical or fundamental, like Newton's theory of gravitation, and other models are practical or numerical implementations that follow through the main ides expressed in theoretical models. A more important point is, however, that models and reality are deemed clearly separated, and actually physics makes use of quite different models that aim to describe different aspects of the same purported 'reality'. These a very common situation in quantum physics, in which subatomic particles- electrons, protons, etc., are handled as either particles or as waves, depending on the experiential situation. Many examples of this sort of dichotomy can be mentioned: the nucleus can be described as a drop of a 'nuclear liquid or as a set of neutrons and protons moving in a shell structure similar to electrons in a atom; phase transitions are brought about by the average influence of a whole solid body or by just the neighbouring atoms, etc. It is not unusual that in exams the student is asked to explain a phenomenon &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;within a certain model.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt; In the mind of a progressing physics student, the concept of reality loses value vary rapidly, and it is very seldom referred to, if at all. This Orwellian doublespeak does not seem to cause dramatic clashes, at least to most of us. A theory is just a tool to reduce the wealth of experimental observations to a common framework, or to make predictions about the outcome of as yet not available experimental results -arguably, both aspects, prediction and reductionism, being two sides of the same coin. A model is certainly not the 'reality', and even does not attempt to map reality one-to-one. The concept of existence (reality) is not central in physical models. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="JUSTIFY" class="western" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;I think it is important to keep in mind the limitations of this 'irrational' concept of science or of scientific activity. Basically, the scientific activity consist of designing models (theories) that condense observations and test them against other observations. Predictions are not useful per se, but only as a tool to benchmark models. This utilitarian concept of models, i.e. quite detached of the concept of reality, is underlined by the fact that very often the building bricks used in those theories cannot be found in the real world. For example, Newton's model of gravitation was formulated by defining the functional form of the force between two point masses separated by a given distance. Obviously, nobody had seen at that time, or later, 'a point mass' . Models in Modern physics are much more alien to the daily experience. Also, climate models, and models of fluid motions in general, incorporate concepts that have only a limited range of validity, and thus they cannot be thought as 'reality'. One familiar concept is density. Density only contains a meaning at (our) macroscopic scales and increasingly loses its connection to (our) reality at atomic scales, where it would rather be equivalent to the rather loose concept of density of a forest. It seems therefore clear that models cannot attempt to map 'reality', in as much as 'reality' is not a well defined concept either.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="JUSTIFY" class="western" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;I deem the sort of useful, down-to-Earth predictions, surely important and based on complex science, but a fundamentally different activity from that of model building and testing. Perhaps this is the reason of much of the controversy surrounding post-normal science. It could also be related to the eternal squabbles between the two dominant schools of statistical thought, frequentist and Bayesian. One of the most important aims of frequentist school is precisely hypothesis testing, which we could interpret here as model testing The frequentist try to estimate to what extent some preconceived hypothesis or models are compatible with observations and to what extent the agreement between models and observations could possibly be due to chance. Models and hypothesis are thus not proven by the statistical analysis, they are only disproved or deemed incompatible with experiments. This is exactly the viewpoint of classical science.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="JUSTIFY" class="western" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;This lies at the centre of the attribution of anthropogenic climate change, since models that disregard the anthropogenic climate forcing are incompatible with observations, whereas models that do include those forcings are compatible with observations (actually less incompatible, as explained later). The concept of attribution is distinct from that of a useful or accurate prediction for the the future climate. This difference stems not only from the uncertainty in the possible future history of anthropogenic emissions, which is of course a crucial external condition for climate prediction but which does not form part of climate science. The difference in both sorts of activities is neatly illustrated by considering that the IPCC takes into account about 20 or so climate models, all of them claiming to describe the same 'aspects of an underlying reality' and each of them providing different predictions for the future climate. They are thus competing models. The classical scientific activity would be directed at separating the wheat from the chaff until hopefully one of these models remains. Even more strictly, classical scientific activity would be aimed at testing all climate models against present observations with the unhidden purpose of proving them wrong. This would not be quite difficult, because we already know that all climate models are wrong, in the sense that not any single one of them can reproduce all available observations, even taking into account the observation uncertainty. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="JUSTIFY" class="western" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;However, climate prediction, and actually economic and many other sorts of predictions, have a different goal, namely to use as efficiently as possible all the available tools we have at hand (models, observations, experience, insights, etc) to deliver the most 'reasonable' future evolution of a given system. This is the world of Bayesian methods. Now all models are used, since all models are more or less equally wrong, and this is what we have anyway. All observations are used, since this is also the maximum amount of information and insight we may have about the system. Predictions are not good or bad per se, and they may even change and do change when new information (new data, new models) becomes available. this does not invalidate the methods used in former predictions, the predictions are just up-dated. Predictions are more or less efficient or more or less reasonable. This is a stark contrast to classical science, and much more similar to my understanding of what post-normal science is. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align="JUSTIFY" class="western" style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;As an Orwellian doublespeaker by education, I do not feel especially uneasy. when confronted with this situation, as far as one knows on which court one is playing the game. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-4398001738158048142?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/4398001738158048142/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=4398001738158048142&amp;isPopup=true' title='23 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/4398001738158048142'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/4398001738158048142'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2012/01/models-and-reality.html' title='Models and reality'/><author><name>eduardo</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/17725131974182980651</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ZfHbCG3yJ9A/TN_i6lqM-kI/AAAAAAAAADU/BVSBSyzQqcg/S220/smalldsc00588.jpg'/></author><thr:total>23</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-7110506299600283750</id><published>2012-01-26T10:51:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2012-01-26T10:51:49.914+01:00</updated><title type='text'>UK report on future climate risks</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.defra.gov.uk/files/banner-sun-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="85" src="http://www.defra.gov.uk/files/banner-sun-1.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) has just &lt;a href="http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/climate/government/risk-assessment/" target="_blank"&gt;published a report called Climate Change Risk Assessment (CCRA)&lt;/a&gt;. It is the first assessment of its kind for the UK and the first in a 5 year cycle. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Defra says on its website:&lt;div&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;The CCRA has reviewed the evidence for over 700 potential impacts of climate change in a UK context. Detailed analysis was undertaken for over 100 of these impacts across 11 key sectors, on the basis of their likelihood, the scale of their potential consequences and the urgency with which action may be needed to address them.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div&gt;Both methodology and outputs have been peer reviewed:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The CCRA methodology has been developed through a number of stages involving expert peer review. The approach developed is a tractable, repeatable methodology that is not dependent on changes in long term plans between the 5 year cycles of the CCRA.&lt;br /&gt;The outputs have been extensively peer reviewed by scientific and economics experts, an independent international peer review panel, and have also been scrutinised by the Adaptation Sub-Committee of the Committee on Climate Change.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In terms of methodology, a similar approach was taken as in IPCC scenarios. This means consequences of climate change are projected into the future without taking into account social, political, or technical change.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;The results, with the exception of population growth where this is relevant, do not include societal change in assessing future risks, either from non-climate related change, for example economic growth, or developments in new technologies; or future responses to climate risks such as future or planned Government policies or private adaptation investment plans.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One may ask how plausible such a methodology is. Here on Klimazwiebel, we just had long debates about the assumptions and methodology in a key paper for the last IPCC report, Arnell's study on climate change and global water stress (see &lt;a href="http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/12/what-do-you-think-about-effort-of.html" target="_blank"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/12/extended-peer-review-assumptions-in.html" target="_blank"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;). DEFRA defends the methodology on the following grounds:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;Excluding these factors from the analysis provides a more robust ‘baseline’ against which the effects of different plans and policies can be more easily assessed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;What purpose does the analysis serve if it is not a good reflection of current possibilities and practices of intervention? Is it for the sake of developing elegant scientific models? Do models always have to be counterfactual, or even wrong in order to inform us? DEFRA is quick to point out that government does everything to prevent us from climate risks:&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 19px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 19px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span style="line-height: 19px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;However, when utilising the outputs of the CCRA, it is essential to consider that Government and key organisations are already taking action in many areas to minimise climate change risks and these interventions need to be considered when assess where further action may be best directed or needed.&lt;/blockquote&gt;Note the picture above which is on DEFRA's website and shows a desert motive. The Guardian has comment on the report where we see a picture of flooding (in its &lt;a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2012/jan/26/floods-worst-climate-change-uk" target="_blank"&gt;online version&lt;/a&gt; only) &amp;nbsp;and a comment from DEFRA's chief scientific advisor, Robert Watson:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;If you had to pick one particular issue I think the flooding issue is the most dominant.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2012/1/25/1327523319279/Flood-defences-in-summer--007.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="192" src="http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2012/1/25/1327523319279/Flood-defences-in-summer--007.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-7110506299600283750?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/7110506299600283750/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=7110506299600283750&amp;isPopup=true' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/7110506299600283750'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/7110506299600283750'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2012/01/uk-report-on-future-climate-risks.html' title='UK report on future climate risks'/><author><name>Reiner Grundmann</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12759452975366986236</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-713938442962001146</id><published>2012-01-25T23:56:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2012-01-25T23:56:32.906+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='climate policy'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Geden'/><title type='text'>Geden in english - now available: The end of climate Policy as we knew it</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;On Nov 24, 20101 we had a discussion ab out Oliver Geden's analysis &lt;a href="http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/11/geden-uber-das-ende-der-derzeitigen.html"&gt;Das Ende der Klimapolitik, wie wir sie kannten&lt;/a&gt;. This paper is now available in English - see "&lt;a href="http://www.swp-berlin.org/fileadmin/contents/products/research_papers/2012_RP01_lpt_prt.pdf#page=19"&gt;The End of Climate Policy as We Knew It&lt;/a&gt;". An interesting and thought provoking scenario of climate policies and emerging perspectives in 2015. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-713938442962001146?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/713938442962001146/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=713938442962001146&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/713938442962001146'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/713938442962001146'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2012/01/geden-in-english-now-available-end-of.html' title='Geden in english - now available: The end of climate Policy as we knew it'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-8944302971226787700</id><published>2012-01-24T15:26:00.006+01:00</published><updated>2012-01-25T18:23:37.028+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Praise of Skepticism I</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-iF0UGvrJgE8/Tx69yuw-pdI/AAAAAAAABkM/uiNO-_8wtlg/s1600/1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="91" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-iF0UGvrJgE8/Tx69yuw-pdI/AAAAAAAABkM/uiNO-_8wtlg/s400/1.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For too long now, the term "skepticism" has been used in the climate debate in an almost pejorative manner. Time to start a series of reflections on skepticism as a virtue, of something we cannot do without in science.&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;To start with, I want to borrow a nice story from the "Chronicle of Higher Education" blog by &lt;a href="http://chronicle.com/blogs/innovations/author/pwood"&gt;Peter Wood&lt;/a&gt;: "&lt;a href="http://chronicle.com/blogs/innovations/skepticism-and-tradition/31355"&gt;Skepticism and Tradition&lt;/a&gt;". He uses the example of the initiation rites among the Baktaman in New Guinea, as reported by the anthropologist &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrik_Barth"&gt;Fredrik Barth&lt;/a&gt;, to make an argument for more tradition in our Western education systems; I want to focus on the other end of the pair and use it as an argument for more skepticism in the natural sciences (and especially in the climate sciences).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Baktaman tribe "had evolved an elaborate system of initiation grades. Having  passed though one grade, a young man could look forward to many more, if  he lived long enough." In this series of initiation rituals, the already initiated elders introduced the young men into the secrets of the Baktaman culture:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;But by far the most interesting secret was the revelation that the  secrets revealed at the previous initiation were false. They had been a  deception necessary to protect deeper truths for which the novices were  not yet ready.&lt;/blockquote&gt;Of course, the young novices found out the trick, but this did not undermine their willingless to learn more about the real secrets:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;&amp;nbsp;It simply underscored that the deepest knowledge would be long in  coming and difficult to attain and that it might be best to cultivate a  certain sense of provisionality. The Baktaman initiated their young men  into skepticism, or more precisely, they initiated them at one and the  same moment into both respect for tradition and doubt about it.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Peter Wood finds a nice way to translate this perplexing story into a metaphor or model for our own culture and education: "We create a spider web anchored between a rock and a slender stem, between fixed tradition and uncertainty."&lt;br /&gt;Here it is time to part from Peter Woods, who makes an argument to strengthen "tradition" in the American educational system. Instead, I want to pick up the other end of this powerful metaphor, uncertainty and skepticism, and adapt it to climate sciences. Climate sciences, once in a mode of defense against skeptical attacks,&amp;nbsp; tend to completely hide behind the walls of "traditional" knowledge with its milestones "evidence", "truth", "objectivity" and so on, angrily rejecting skepticism and any attempts to question certainties, traditions, or pureness even where they don't exist.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In doing so, many scientists tend to neglect another interesting fact which the anthropologist Fredrik Barth reported from the Baktaman tribe, as Wood sums up:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;No people can live entirely within a static tradition. Even the Baktaman  in their rain forest fastness are constantly improvising, adapting  images from other small tribes, forgetting some details and adding  others, reinterpreting as they go. (One of Barth’s signal  accomplishments was to capture this buzz of micro-innovation on the  fly.)&lt;/blockquote&gt;As we know from recent discussions even on the level of the IPCC, uncertainty is especially important in climate science, where knowledge gained about the climate system in "traditional" ways is permanently challenged by exactly uncertainties. Once not under (ideological, political or institutional) pressure, most climate scientists readily admit this.&lt;br /&gt;Thus, I want to change just one word when Peter Wood laments "These days, the idea that tradition has a rightful claim on the university has little support" - I just replace "tradition" with "skepticism": These days, the idea that skepticism has a rightful claim on the natural sciences has little support, too.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Maybe it is time to pay more respect to the climate blogosphere for keeping skepticism alive, which is as vital to culture as is tradition:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;The Baktaman initiation system doesn’t really have a termination. There  are always new layers of knowledge to be uncovered, deceptions to be  overcome, and coherencies to grasp.&amp;nbsp; To advance, the Baktaman must gain a  sense of how skepticism deepens tradition and tradition deepens  skepticism. &lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-8944302971226787700?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/8944302971226787700/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=8944302971226787700&amp;isPopup=true' title='62 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/8944302971226787700'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/8944302971226787700'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2012/01/praise-of-sketpicism-i.html' title='Praise of Skepticism I'/><author><name>Werner Krauss</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15094636819952421339</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-iF0UGvrJgE8/Tx69yuw-pdI/AAAAAAAABkM/uiNO-_8wtlg/s72-c/1.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>62</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-9124072998461482862</id><published>2012-01-20T13:00:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2012-01-20T13:00:50.198+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Is the carbon bubble next to burst?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2008/09/15/lehmancrash460.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="192" src="http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2008/09/15/lehmancrash460.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;The &lt;a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2012/jan/19/fossil-fuels-sub-prime-mervyn-king" target="_blank"&gt;Guardian has an&amp;nbsp;interesting&amp;nbsp;story today&lt;/a&gt; about an open letter to the governor of the Bank of England, Mervyn King. It has been signed by environmentalist groups, renewable energy representatives, politicians, academics, etc. See the letter &lt;a href="http://www.climatechangecapital.com/media/256968/letter%20to%20bank%20of%20england%20financial%20policy%20committee%20-%2019th%20january%202012%20-%20final.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. The letter asks King to carefully consider the consequences of continuous institutional investment in fossil fuels. The signatories express concern that market reactions would not be&amp;nbsp;swift&amp;nbsp;enough should a depreciation of fossil fuel based companies occur. It is a call to improve the investment climate for renewable energy businesses to avoid 'systemic risk' which could stem from a crisis of fossil fuels.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the Guardian story some&amp;nbsp;additional&amp;nbsp;information is presented to draw the parallel to the housing bubble and financial crisis. It states that international climate negotiations and the 2 degree limit would cause this to happen:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;"&gt;But meeting this limit would mean&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2011/jul/12/fossil-fuels-coal" style="background-color: white; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-collapse: collapse; color: #005689; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;" title=""&gt;just 20% of existing fossil fuel reserves&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;could be burned, according to recent research.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;To me, it seems implausible&amp;nbsp;to expect a climate treaty any time soon&amp;nbsp;that&amp;nbsp;would lead to a situation where we leave 80% of fossil fuels untouched, especially&amp;nbsp;given the high prices and profitability of oil, the dash for shale gas, the resurrection of coal power plants in Germany and elsewhere, etc. I am not sure if the spin in the Guardian story helps the effort to redirect long term investment, as stated in the letter. Relying on wishful thinking and scaring people will not work. After all, there is a different conclusion Sir Melwyn might draw: if &amp;nbsp;such a systemic risk exists, better protect fossil fuel interests.&amp;nbsp;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-9124072998461482862?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/9124072998461482862/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=9124072998461482862&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/9124072998461482862'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/9124072998461482862'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2012/01/is-carbon-bubble-next-to-burst.html' title='Is the carbon bubble next to burst?'/><author><name>Reiner Grundmann</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12759452975366986236</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-2472782697720262752</id><published>2012-01-16T14:33:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2012-01-16T14:33:27.146+01:00</updated><title type='text'>2012 klimazwiebel poetry #1</title><content type='html'>&lt;table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sPZDZvtp2wE/TxQmjt6Pz-I/AAAAAAAABj8/_kccuqfFMUI/s1600/mag-01Eat-t_CA0-articleLarge.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="213" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sPZDZvtp2wE/TxQmjt6Pz-I/AAAAAAAABj8/_kccuqfFMUI/s320/mag-01Eat-t_CA0-articleLarge.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;no meat, no dairy, no problem.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-2472782697720262752?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/2472782697720262752/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=2472782697720262752&amp;isPopup=true' title='7 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/2472782697720262752'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/2472782697720262752'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2012/01/2012-klimazwiebel-poetry-1.html' title='2012 klimazwiebel poetry #1'/><author><name>Werner Krauss</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15094636819952421339</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sPZDZvtp2wE/TxQmjt6Pz-I/AAAAAAAABj8/_kccuqfFMUI/s72-c/mag-01Eat-t_CA0-articleLarge.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>7</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-6798552240801740216</id><published>2012-01-15T12:39:00.003+01:00</published><updated>2012-01-15T19:14:35.936+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Finally Hartwell breaks through to the other side</title><content type='html'>German&lt;a href="http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/technik/0,1518,808824,00.html"&gt; spiegel-online&lt;/a&gt; reports from a study published in &lt;a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/335/6065/183.abstract"&gt;Science&lt;/a&gt; by Drew Shindell and many other scientists with a title the authors of the &lt;a href="http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/27939/"&gt;Hartwell paper&lt;/a&gt; couldn't have said better:&lt;br /&gt;"Simultaneously mitigating near-term climate change and improving human health and food security."&lt;br /&gt;Well, yes. What's new for Science doesn't have to be new for klimazwiebel authors and readers. But finally, good to hear that other people,too, seem to give up their 2-degree goals and become more pragmatic and realistic!&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;Here the abstract:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;&amp;nbsp;Tropospheric ozone and black carbon (BC) contribute to both degraded air  quality and global warming. We considered ~400 emission                         control measures to reduce these pollutants by  using current technology and experience. We identified 14 measures  targeting                         methane and BC emissions that reduce projected  global mean warming ~0.5°C by 2050. This strategy avoids 0.7 to 4.7  million                         annual premature deaths from outdoor air  pollution and increases annual crop yields by 30 to 135 million metric  tons due to                         ozone reductions in 2030 and beyond. Benefits of  methane emissions reductions are valued at $700 to $5000 per metric  ton,                         which is well above typical marginal abatement  costs (less than $250). The selected controls target different sources  and                         influence climate on shorter time scales than  those of carbon dioxide–reduction measures. Implementing both  substantially                         reduces the risks of crossing the 2°C threshold.                      &lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h1 id="article-title-1"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-6798552240801740216?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/6798552240801740216/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=6798552240801740216&amp;isPopup=true' title='63 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/6798552240801740216'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/6798552240801740216'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2012/01/finally-heartwell-gets-breakthrough.html' title='Finally Hartwell breaks through to the other side'/><author><name>Werner Krauss</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15094636819952421339</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>63</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-2206719736515015100</id><published>2012-01-09T13:15:00.004+01:00</published><updated>2012-01-09T18:17:27.101+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Jerry Ravetz on Digital Media and the Sociology of Science</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-AZ2Ps3hP1cA/TwrZ5HadeKI/AAAAAAAABWI/hr2kgcRaVz0/s1600/_MG_6742.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="133" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-AZ2Ps3hP1cA/TwrZ5HadeKI/AAAAAAAABWI/hr2kgcRaVz0/s200/_MG_6742.jpg" width="200" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Jerry Ravetz, well known to klimazwiebel readers, has published a (free available)&lt;a href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v481/n7379/full/481025a.html"&gt; comment in Nature&lt;/a&gt; on the changes that digital media and the blogosphere bring to the "models of autorship and collaboration" in scientific research and production. According to Jerry Ravetz, the sole authority of the scientific journal and the system of "peer review, publication and replication" is challenged by new trends:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;The rise of digital media has revolutionized the management of  information and created opportunities for broader involvement in  science's production. Collaborations are growing ever larger,  transforming the concept of authorship. Prepublication discussions of  research on blogs dilute a principal author's claim to discovery. And  the public is increasingly involved. &lt;/blockquote&gt;It is amazing to read Ravetz's strong argument for new social practices in science in Nature, the world's leading scientific journal. In publishing this comment, Nature demonstrates that it knows well to read the signs of the time. Already on the "&lt;a href="http://sci-ict.jrc.it/"&gt;Science in a digital society&lt;/a&gt;" workshop in Lisbon in March 2011,&amp;nbsp; an editor of Nature reflected on the changes the blogosphere and other emanations of the digital media might bring for Nature and scientific journals in general. There is definitively something going on!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ravetz shares a deeply democratic approach to science, everyone can  participate, even though there emerge new problems of quality control: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;The journal is losing its status as the sole gatekeeper — simultaneous  guarantor of quality, certifier of property, medium of communication and  also archive. Other means of sharing material, assessing quality and  screening out the incompetent or fraudulent are emerging to fill the  gap, but ultimately the professional monopoly on quality assurance of  science will have to be modified.&lt;/blockquote&gt;The blogosphere holds, according to Ravetz, "great promise for free information sharing". For him, positive examples are the defense by climate scientists of Steve McIntyre; or in medicine, the employment of thousands of "expert patients (...) to review the quality of research papers on treatment"; or the general virtues of "whistle blowing" in the blogosphere. In the wikipedia-like communitary 'open source' and 'creative commons' production of knowledge,&amp;nbsp;  Ravetz sees even the fulfillment of Merton's ideals (communalism, universalism, disinterestedness, originality and scepticism). &lt;br /&gt;In any case, there are, of course, problems of quality assurance, which might be solved by "societal consensus and professional gatekeepers"; simultaneously, the mere numerical system of the number of peer-reviewed articles in quality assessment "could be relaxed and made more personal and communal":&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;&amp;nbsp;For this to happen, barriers to sharing scientific information with the  public, such as journal paywalls, should come down. And better online  discussion forums must be developed. The presentation and archiving of  blogs and other forms of internet communications should be improved, so  that ideas can be debated and added to over time.&lt;/blockquote&gt;Of course, to accept these changes whole-heartedly and to even develop new forms of knoweldge production, good blog management is not enough; it also takes civic virtues, courtesy rules, and trust:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;Ultimately, effective quality assurance depends on trust. And science  relies on trust more than most institutions. As Steven Shapin, a  historian of science at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts,  showed in his 1994 book &lt;i&gt;A Social History of Truth&lt;/i&gt;, trust is  achieved and maintained only by mutual respect and civility of  discourse. In a digital age, civility should be extended to, and  reciprocated by, the extended peer community.&lt;/blockquote&gt;In the discussion, Jerry Ravetz rightly mentions &lt;a href="http://judithcurry.com/2012/01/08/sociology-of-science-keep-standards-high/"&gt;Judith Curry's &lt;/a&gt;(who has also a discussion of Jerry Ravetz's comment) and &lt;a href="http://wattsupwiththat.com/"&gt;Anthony Watt'&lt;/a&gt;s blogs as good examples for keeping the standards high while having successfully established rules of courtesy. I think our contributors and readers might agree that our 2-year-old klimazwiebel is an active part of this exciting movement towards more open, democratic and collective practices in science .&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(Photo by Sarah Pleger &amp;amp; Caroline d'Essen: Jerry Ravetz, Jeroen van der Slujis, Roger Pielke jr., Beate Ratter and hans von Storch in Hamburg 2011, workshop on "postnormal science: the case of climate research").&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-2206719736515015100?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/2206719736515015100/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=2206719736515015100&amp;isPopup=true' title='8 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/2206719736515015100'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/2206719736515015100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2012/01/jerry-ravetz-on-digital-media-and.html' title='Jerry Ravetz on Digital Media and the Sociology of Science'/><author><name>Werner Krauss</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15094636819952421339</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-AZ2Ps3hP1cA/TwrZ5HadeKI/AAAAAAAABWI/hr2kgcRaVz0/s72-c/_MG_6742.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>8</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-4065826475108505667</id><published>2012-01-04T21:25:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2012-01-04T21:25:21.396+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='ZOD drafts IPCC'/><title type='text'>Zero order Draft of IPCC R 5 Working Groups I and II available</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;The IPCC WG II Technical Support Unit has informed:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"&lt;i&gt;It has been brought to our attention that 28 of the WGII and several of&amp;nbsp; the WGI ZODs chapters have been posted on the website &amp;lt;&amp;lt;&lt;a href="https://3c.web.de/client/dereferrer?redirectUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gallopingcamel.info%2FIPCC.htm&amp;amp;selection=tfol11a3490ab14c11fe" target="_blank"&gt;http://www.gallopingcamel.info/IPCC.htm&lt;/a&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This web site was apparently created for the specific purpose of&amp;nbsp; publishing the IPCC AR5 ZODs.  The WGI ZODs were briefly posted on and&amp;nbsp; then removed from the file-sharing site MegaUpload in mid-December.  The&amp;nbsp; first WGI ZOD chapter went up on gallopingcamel a bit over a week ago.&amp;nbsp;  The WGII ZOD chapters were added 2 January 2012.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We are taking a two-pronged approach.  First, we plan to post a document&amp;nbsp; on the WGII website explaining the philosophy of the review process.  A&amp;nbsp; draft of that document is attached.  We tried to clearly explain the reasons why drafts are not made publicly available and to encourage&amp;nbsp; experts to participate in the review process.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Second, we are working closely with the IPCC Secretariat and with WGI on drafting a letter to gallopingcamel to request removal of the chapters.&amp;nbsp;  As it is doubtful that gallopingcamel will remove the chapters, we would&amp;nbsp; like to include the attached document as part of that request (with modifications to include relevant information on WGI); maybe they will&amp;nbsp; post it on their website.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We will keep you informed of any significant developments.&lt;/i&gt;"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The mentioned bacvkground material is this:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Background – On the status of early drafts of IPCC reports&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 3 January 2012&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The IPCC is committed to preparing reports that meet the highest possible standards of scientific excellence, balance, and clarity.&amp;nbsp; To meet these high standards, every chapter of every IPCC report goes through four formal drafts and usually several more internal drafts.&amp;nbsp; Early drafts can be rough or incomplete.&amp;nbsp; Building on comments from scientific experts, the author teams refine successive drafts based on review comments from scientific experts.&amp;nbsp; The IPCC has a strong foundation of experience demonstrating that the process of refining reports through several drafts and several stages of expert review consistently produces outstanding products. Much of the value added by the IPCC process comes from these cycles of drafting and revision.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The IPCC seeks expert reviews from the broadest possible range of experts, in a process that includes three rounds of reviews by individual scientific experts and one round of reviews by governments. The rough, preliminary draft of each chapter, also called the zero order draft, is reviewed by invited experts who are asked to comment on the breadth of the coverage and on the structure of the chapter. Typically, zero order drafts are so far from mature that comments from a handful of thoughtful reviewers are sufficient to identify the major areas that need work.&amp;nbsp; The process then shifts to make the expert reviewer base as broad as possible.&amp;nbsp; All relevant experts are invited to provide review comments on the next two rounds of formal drafts, termed the first order draft and the second order draft by the IPCC.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Registration to serve as an expert reviewer of the first order draft of the WGII contribution to the AR5 will open in June, 2012.&amp;nbsp; For the second order draft, which will be reviewed in 2013, both scientific experts and governments are invited to provide review comments.&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The IPCC requires that author teams provide a response to every review comment submitted in the expert review of the first order draft and in the expert and government review of the second order draft.&amp;nbsp; IPCC tasks a dedicated group, usually two scientists for each chapter, to monitor the process of responding to each comment and to confirm that the responses are consistent with the changes made when revising the chapter.&amp;nbsp; These scientists, called “Review Editors” in the vocabulary of the IPCC, perform a uniquely important role in ensuring that the report development derives the maximum possible benefit from the repeated cycle of drafting, review, and revision.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When a completed assessment report is released, the First Order Draft and Second Order Draft are also released, along with all of the review comments and all of the responses to the review comments from the author teams.&amp;nbsp; This approach provides not only the final product of the IPCC process but also the record of how the report evolved through drafts, comments, and revision.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The IPCC does not publicly release drafts prior to the completion of a report because the contents of the early drafts do not yet meet the IPCC’s high standards of excellence, balance, and clarity.&amp;nbsp; These early drafts are not confidential, hidden, or protected.&amp;nbsp; To the contrary, the success of the process depends on cycles of extensive expert review.&amp;nbsp; All experts with the knowledge to improve and strengthen the reports are encouraged to register and provide review comments on the first and second order drafts."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-4065826475108505667?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/4065826475108505667/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=4065826475108505667&amp;isPopup=true' title='5 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/4065826475108505667'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/4065826475108505667'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2012/01/zero-order-draft-of-ipcc-r-5-working.html' title='Zero order Draft of IPCC R 5 Working Groups I and II available'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>5</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-3296500577287904453</id><published>2012-01-03T18:14:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2012-01-03T18:14:19.957+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Scandinavian-Mediterranean teleconnections</title><content type='html'>If you happened to pay attention to the Scandinavian weather news  during this winter, you would have been a bit surprised by the mild temperatures in November and December. Also, the Mediterranean is in this winter drier than normal - the last winter news about extreme flooding are almost forgotten. Both are manifestation of the same seasonal weather pattern, the North Atlantic Oscillation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Actually, the monthly time series of air temperature in Stockholm in the winter season is quite highly correlated (negatively) to the monthly precipitation in the Mediterranean region: in the winter months in which the Azores High is strong, the stronger westerly winds  brings warmer and more humid air to Northern Europe and deflect the rain-bringing Atlantic depressions that normally would hit the Mediterranean at this time of the year.  Last winter, the NAO was in a very negative state, with a very weak Azores High. Temperatures in Northern Europe were low and precipitation was very high in the Mediterranean. We can appreciate this correlation in the figure below. The map shows the correlation coefficient between the time series of monthly winter precipitation in one particular location and the simultaneous temperature  in Stockholm. This plot shows that although the word 'teleconnection' has been quite derided in some blogs, it indeed has some physical basis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rOl-j24Pnxs/TwMzFvEqUEI/AAAAAAAAAFk/MUzihp1xDt8/s1600/stockholm_temp_precipitation.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="136" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rOl-j24Pnxs/TwMzFvEqUEI/AAAAAAAAAFk/MUzihp1xDt8/s400/stockholm_temp_precipitation.jpg" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Map showing the correlation coefficients between monthly winter temperature in Stockholm and the simultaneous monthly mean precipitation in Europe&amp;nbsp; in the period 1950-2010. Links, from observations; right from a climate model simulation started in year 1000. The right figure displays the model grid.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Incidentally, a  similar calculation performed with data from a climate model simulations shows pretty much the same pattern: in the climate model 'Stockholm' temperatures are also strongly (negatively) correlated to Mediterranean precipitation in wintertime. I think this similarity is quite remarkable - the climate model has not been tuned to produce this pattern. It emerges from the model's  own atmospheric dynamics, and shows that climate models, though not perfect, can produce climate patterns that closely reassemble the observed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;How is climate change affecting the NAO, or in other words the strength of the Azores High ? Most climate models predict an intensification of the NAO with increasing concentration of greenhouse gases. This is why the Mediterranean precipitation is one  the few areas not located at high-latitudes for which climate models agree in their predictions for winter precipitation. However, the NAO index displayed a mostly negative trend through the 20th century until about 1975, then an upward trend until the early 1990s and a negative trend again thereafter. It is not very often mentioned that climate models are not able to replicate either this long-term behaviour nor  the observed amplitude of short-term  variations of the NAO index. &lt;br /&gt;As it is becoming too common in climate research, uncertainty opens the window for an inflation of hypothesis to identify the mechanisms behind the NAO variability and its possible evolution in the future. Last winter a &lt;a href="http://www.pik-potsdam.de/news/press-releases/archive/2010/global-warming-could-cool-down-temperatures-in-winter"&gt;paper &lt;/a&gt; put forward the hypothesis that the low temperatures in Northern Europe  caused by the extreme low state of the NAO were caused by anthropogenic climate change. The reasoning went something like this: a diminished sea-ice cover in some regions of the Arctic  would tend to disturb the atmospheric circulation towards a more negative  NAO state. As it usually happens, Nature has promptly responded this winter so far with   a high NAO index - the opposite to the predictions in this paper.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-o6fejdVRb5g/TwM1FqzaxkI/AAAAAAAAAFw/U6jcdQPfwZA/s1600/naoi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="311" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-o6fejdVRb5g/TwM1FqzaxkI/AAAAAAAAAFw/U6jcdQPfwZA/s320/naoi.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Monthly Index of the North Atlantic Oscillation in winter (November-March) &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Several institutions issue extended weather forecast or seasonal predictions focused on the NAO, for instance &lt;a href="http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/precip/CWlink/pna/nao_index_mrf.shtml"&gt;NOAA&lt;/a&gt; . Seasonal forecasts pose different questions from climate projections. In the former, a good knowledge of the initial state of the atmosphere and the ocean is critical to predict their evolution in the following weeks or months, climate projections are to a very large extent determined by the external forcing, like greenhouse gasses, volcanism and solar activity. However, I think there is a  value in seasonal forecasts, like the NAO forecast issued by NOAA,  that goes beyond the the mere short-term prediction. This requires a more lengthy exposition, but in my opinion  a  seasonal forecast that happens to be usually correct would clearly strengthen the credibility of climate models in general. The skill of seasonal forecast is still quite poor, unfortunately. We can see for instance that the NOAA forecast for this winter NAO, even the forecast with a lead time of 14 days, underestimates the high values of the NAO index observed.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-3296500577287904453?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/3296500577287904453/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=3296500577287904453&amp;isPopup=true' title='10 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/3296500577287904453'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/3296500577287904453'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2012/01/scandinavian-mediterranean.html' title='Scandinavian-Mediterranean teleconnections'/><author><name>eduardo</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/17725131974182980651</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ZfHbCG3yJ9A/TN_i6lqM-kI/AAAAAAAAADU/BVSBSyzQqcg/S220/smalldsc00588.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rOl-j24Pnxs/TwMzFvEqUEI/AAAAAAAAAFk/MUzihp1xDt8/s72-c/stockholm_temp_precipitation.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>10</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-33310450889950159</id><published>2011-12-31T21:01:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2011-12-31T21:01:08.110+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Innovation in renewable energy   - a lesson from Big Pharma?</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/A_wake-up_call_for_Big_Pharma_2897" target="_blank"&gt;McKinsey&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://www.kpmg.com/CH/en/Library/Articles-Publications/Documents/Sectors/pub-20111017-future-pharma-en.pdf" target="_blank"&gt;KPMG&lt;/a&gt; have published reports highlighting the shrinking return on investment from R&amp;amp;D in the&amp;nbsp;pharmaceutical&amp;nbsp;sector. Between 1999 and 2010 &amp;nbsp;R&amp;amp;D in US pharma companies doubled (from 25 bn $ to 50 bn) but the number of market applications did not rise. Since 2007 it is in decline. The NZZ has the following graph to illustrate:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nzz.ch/images/grafik_pharmaforschung_text_1.14008479.1325320238.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="159" src="http://www.nzz.ch/images/grafik_pharmaforschung_text_1.14008479.1325320238.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 22px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Big Pharma is under pressure from investors to show its worth ("return on research spending", this has &lt;a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/10/19/pharmaceuticals-research-idUSL5E7LJ2QF20111019"&gt;nearly halved from 1990 to 2010&lt;/a&gt;). Voices are heard which recommend the strategy adopted by car manufacturers of concentrating on marketing and sales, leaving innovation to others.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This could indicate they follow a similar path taken by oil companies BP and Shell who disinvested in renewable energy. Similarly, the investors' pressure to focus on profitable operations (fossil fuels in this case) has played a decisive role. The question is: what could be learned from these developments?&lt;br /&gt;Should renewable energy companies focus on marketing and sales? If I understand the potential strategy of Big Pharma correctly, they would charge a much higher price on their premium brands (which deliver the same effect as the generic alternative). Or the car companies which sell a car that costs 10 times as much as a simple car, yet in terms of functionality also gets you from A to B. Can we imagine a market in which renewable energy is marketed in a similar way?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-33310450889950159?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/33310450889950159/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=33310450889950159&amp;isPopup=true' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/33310450889950159'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/33310450889950159'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/12/innovation-in-renewable-energy-lesson.html' title='Innovation in renewable energy   - a lesson from Big Pharma?'/><author><name>Reiner Grundmann</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12759452975366986236</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-3281436832762867447</id><published>2011-12-31T20:18:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2011-12-31T20:19:24.790+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Leaving carbon underground and paying for it: the way forward?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="background-color: white; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.4em;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2011/12/30/1325258992961/Yasuni-national-park-007.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="192" src="http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2011/12/30/1325258992961/Yasuni-national-park-007.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;Yasuni National Park in Ecuador is one of the most&amp;nbsp;biologically diverse&amp;nbsp;places&amp;nbsp;on Earth. On 600 ha. there live more species of amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals than&amp;nbsp;anywhere&amp;nbsp;in the western&amp;nbsp;hemisphere. See&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasuni_National_Park" target="_blank"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;for a short overview. However, huge oil reserves are known to lie underneath the park which would&amp;nbsp;inevitably&amp;nbsp;lead to&amp;nbsp;oil extraction&amp;nbsp;with many undesirable side effects.&amp;nbsp;The&amp;nbsp;government&amp;nbsp;of &amp;nbsp;Ecuador came up with&amp;nbsp;a proposal that would leave the&amp;nbsp;oil buried&amp;nbsp;underground&amp;nbsp;- in exchange for cash.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;The government requests compensation from the international community for lost revenue,&amp;nbsp;at least of 50% of the profits that it would receive were it to exploit the reserves.&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2011/dec/30/ecuador-paid-rainforest-oil-alliance?newsfeed=true" target="_blank"&gt;The Guardian reports&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;about early results of this effort which has been carried out via "crowd funding".&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;This is a very interesting initiative which merits wide attention. There a many benefits to the region (and beyond) by keeping the land intact. The benefits are not only, and not primarily related to climate change (allegedly 'only' 400m tons of CO2 would be avoided which amounts to 1.3% of global annual CO2 emissions). Furthermore, local people seem to be in support. As the Guardian reports, 63% &amp;nbsp;of Ecuadoreans are aware of the initiative and 86% of those support it.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;However, various interesting&amp;nbsp;questions&amp;nbsp;arise. For example, what level of biodiversity is required to make such efforts&amp;nbsp;worthwhile? Would it make sense to pay Saudi Arabia, Russia or Venezuela (or any other exporter of fossil fuels) to leave the carbon where it currently is? How much compensation should be paid? Does this not open the doors to holding the world to ransom, using biodiversity as a weapon? And how can one make sure that a nation who received such compensation does not extract the fuels at a later date?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-3281436832762867447?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/3281436832762867447/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=3281436832762867447&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/3281436832762867447'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/3281436832762867447'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/12/leaving-carbon-underground-and-paying.html' title='Leaving carbon underground and paying for it: the way forward?'/><author><name>Reiner Grundmann</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12759452975366986236</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-3755605501042116902</id><published>2011-12-31T14:18:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2011-12-31T15:18:28.637+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Klimazwiebel stats'/><title type='text'>Klimazwiebel runs since more than 2 years now</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;The blogger-statistics of Klimazwiebel begins in June 2009 with about 20,000 clicks. (This is surprising since our first thread was published on 6 December 2009 :-), but it may be related to the fact that January 2011 follows directly December 2009 without any traces of 2010 in the stats-diagram.) Since then, the counter has registered 305,506 clicks, with the most often read contributions geing&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;McShane and Wyner on climate reconstruction method... Aug 19, 2010, 57 comments, 7,867 Pageviews&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Richard Tol challenges assertion by Ottmar Edenhof...&amp;nbsp; Sep 11, 2010, 41 comments, 4,083 Pageviews&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;A mistake with consequences ? Jul 24, 2010, 11 comments, 3,796 Pageviews&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Testing climate models Jul 3, 2011, 37 comments, 1,847 Pageviews&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Interviews with and analysis of climate scientists...Jan 8, 2011, 52 comments, 1,775 Pageviews&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;The 10 countries with most clicks are&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ol style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;Germany, 115,167&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;United States 49,348&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;United Kingdom 34,496&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Netherlands 13,121&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Switzerland 6,998&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Canada 6,938&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Australia 3,990&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;France 3,503&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Sweden 3,323&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Spain 3,321&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-3755605501042116902?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/3755605501042116902/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=3755605501042116902&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/3755605501042116902'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/3755605501042116902'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/12/klimazwiebel-runs-since-more-than-3.html' title='Klimazwiebel runs since more than 2 years now'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-4360693487909614306</id><published>2011-12-25T17:24:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2011-12-25T17:25:45.419+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Arnell'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='experiment'/><title type='text'>What do you think about the effort of assessing Arnell's assumptions?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;Further down, I ran a little experiment, under the headline &lt;a href="http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/12/extended-peer-review-assumptions-in.html" hrfef="http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/12/extended-peer-review-assumptions-in.html"&gt;Extended peer review: Assumptions in Arnell's article&lt;/a&gt;. This was a special thread, with comments exclusively dealing with -as the title explained- assumptions employed by Arnell (not conclusions drawn by Arnell, conclusions drawn by other writers including journalists).&amp;nbsp; Unrelated comments were considered off-topic, and were deleted. The purpose was to find out if "we" are able to do some constructive discussions beyond the always-present question, of which group is right or evil. This effort draw quite a bit of flak, and therefore this thread is offered to allow for comments on all facets of this article, AfricaGate, the journalist Meichsner and my possible bias.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Apropos my own opinions: it happens regularly that somebody is asking in a comment for my opinions. I hope you understand that I normally do not answer, because I do not consider my opinions too interesting; and sometimes I simply do not have the time. But if a reader, possibly together with others, wants to do an interview (by e-mail) with me to be published on the Klimazwiebel, that would be fine with me.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hans von Storch&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-4360693487909614306?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/4360693487909614306/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=4360693487909614306&amp;isPopup=true' title='148 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/4360693487909614306'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/4360693487909614306'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/12/what-do-you-think-about-effort-of.html' title='What do you think about the effort of assessing Arnell&apos;s assumptions?'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>148</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-8107357578874178675</id><published>2011-12-25T12:24:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2011-12-25T12:24:11.849+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Hulme Climatic Determinism'/><title type='text'>Mike Hulme: Reducing the Future to Climate: A Story of Climate Determinism and Reductionism</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;Mike Hulme has published a remarkable analysis in&amp;nbsp; &lt;a href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/661274"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Osiris&lt;/i&gt;, Vol. 26, No. 1, (2011), pp. 245-266&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;b&gt; Reducing the Future to Climate: A Story of Climate Determinism and Reductionism&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The &lt;u&gt;abstract&lt;/u&gt; reads:&amp;nbsp; &lt;i&gt;This article traces how climate has moved from playing a deterministic to a reductionist role in discourses about environment, society, and the future. Climate determinism previously offered an explanation, and hence a justification, for the superiority of certain imperial races and cultures. The argument put forward here is that the new climate reductionism is driven by the hegemony exercised by the predictive natural sciences over contingent, imaginative, and humanistic accounts of social life and visions of the future. It is a hegemony that lends disproportionate power in political and social discourse to model-based descriptions of putative future climates. Some possible reasons for this climate reductionism, as well as some of the limitations and dangers of this position for human relationships with the future, are suggested.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-8107357578874178675?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/8107357578874178675/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=8107357578874178675&amp;isPopup=true' title='5 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/8107357578874178675'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/8107357578874178675'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/12/mike-hulme-reducing-future-to-climate.html' title='Mike Hulme: Reducing the Future to Climate: A Story of Climate Determinism and Reductionism'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>5</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-4547181187615255765</id><published>2011-12-19T16:48:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2011-12-19T17:54:32.518+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Mudelsee'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Hochwasserrisiko'/><title type='text'>Hochwasserrisiko: Persönliche Anmerkungen von Manfred Mudelsee</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Reposted from ZAMG web page (mit freundlicher Genehmigung).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Im Anschluss an die fachlichen Artikel zu &lt;a href="http://www.zamg.ac.at/klima/Klimawandel/Klimaforschung/Klimarekonstruktion/Hochwasser/index.php" target="_self"&gt;Erstellung&lt;/a&gt; und &lt;a href="http://www.zamg.ac.at/klima/Klimawandel/Klimafolgen/Hochwasser/index.php" target="_self"&gt;Interpretation&lt;/a&gt; langer Hochwasserreihen wendet sich dieser Kommentar von &lt;b&gt;Dr. Manfred Mudelsee&lt;/b&gt; vom &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.awi.de/"&gt;Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung&lt;/a&gt; &lt;i&gt;in Bremerhaven bzw. &lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.climate-risk-analysis.com/"&gt; Climate Risk  Analysis&lt;/a&gt; &lt;i&gt;in Hannover an selbstkritische Klimawissenschaftler, Philosophen und alle Autoren, deren Nature- oder Science-Arbeiten von den Medien ignoriert werden.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Naturwissenschaft muss die statistische Sprache verwenden. Wegen (1) der Endlichkeit der Datenmenge, (2) der Nichtperfektheit von Messgeräten und Klimamodellen und (3) der Verletzbarkeit gemachter Annahmen ist der Schluss auf die Klimawirklichkeit unter Verwendung der Daten nicht exakt. Bestandteil der statistischen Sprache sind Maße, diese Inexaktheit auszudrücken (Fehlerbalken, Konfidenzintervall, Konfidenzband, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;-Wert, Robustheit). Schätzungen ohne Fehlerangabe sind wertlos (vgl. „&lt;a href="http://www.zamg.ac.at/klima/Klimawandel/Klimaforschung/Klimarekonstruktion/Hochwasser/index.php" target="_self"&gt;Hochwasser&lt;/a&gt;"). Die Mathematik dagegen, sofern sie nicht gerade Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie betreibt, darf sich auf die Sprache der Logik beschränken. Und „weichere“ Wissenschaften, von der Geografie bis hin zu den Geisteswissenschaften, können es gerne quantitativ-statistisch probieren, dürften es jedoch manchmal besser qualitativ versuchen. Als Wissenschaften sind alle drei Bereiche der Logik (Wahrheit) verpflichtet.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Selbstkritik&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ein gesundes Maß an Selbstkritik kennzeichnet „gute Wissenschaft“. Wie genau sind die Messgeräte? Wie realistisch ist ein Modell? Der &lt;a href="http://www.zamg.ac.at/klima/Klimawandel/Klimaforschung/Klimarekonstruktion/Hochwasser/index.php" target="_self"&gt;erste Beitrag&lt;/a&gt; etwa befasst sich mit der Qualität der historischen Aufzeichnungen; für den Zeitraum vor 1500 ist diese niedrig wegen Inhomogenitäten. Die kritische Selbstbefragung erstreckt sich auch auf die Ergebnisinterpretation (&lt;a href="http://www.zamg.ac.at/klima/Klimawandel/Klimafolgen/Hochwasser/index.php" target="_self"&gt;zweiter Beitrag&lt;/a&gt;). Der Befund war eine Abnahme der Auftrittsrate von Winterhochwassern der mittleren Elbe und mittleren Oder im 20. Jahrhundert. Ist dieser robust gegenüber den ebenfalls im 20. Jahrhundert vorgenommenen Reservoirerrichtungen? Die Sensitivitätsstudie wies die Robustheit für starke Hochwasserereignisse nach. Für philosophisch ambitionierte, die kulturelle Einbettung berücksichtigende, selbstkritische Naturwissenschaftler sind folgende Namen relevant: Kant, Schopenhauer, Einstein, Popper, Kuhn, Sokal, Kandel und Polanyi, folgende nicht: Hegel, Carnap, Feyerabend und Ravetz (Listen unvollständig). Das „gesunde Maß“ wird gegenwärtig von vielen Klimawissenschaftlern und sich in Klimawissenschaften versuchenden Blog-Autoren unterschritten. Überschreiter publizieren notwendigerweise zu selten.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Fremdkritik&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ein gesundes Maß der Ermöglichung fremder Kritik kennzeichnet ebenfalls (Popper): Veröffentlichung der Rohdaten, Metadaten, abgeleiteter Datenprodukte und der dabei verwendeten Algorithmen. Das 2009 bekannt gewordene Fehlverhalten der &lt;i&gt;University of East Anglia&lt;/i&gt; wurde zwar in Printmedien und Blogs angeprangert und daraufhin von der Urheberin teilweise korrigiert; trotzdem verstoßen noch immer Fachzeitschriften gegen diesen Kodex. Eigene leidvolle Erfahrung bei der Arbeit mit historischen Dokumenten zum Hochwassergeschehen war, dass selbst Kollegen in der sogenannten Scientific Community Datenanfragen unbeantwortet ließen, sich also der Fremdkritik nicht aussetzen wollten.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Nature-Artikel&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bisher gab es wenig konstruktive Fremdkritik auf den 2003 veröffentlichten Artikel zu den Hochwassern der Elbe und Oder, die es ermöglicht hätte, die Daten- oder Methodenbasis zu verbessern und dadurch genauere oder robustere Interpretationen zu erzielen. Den Grundgedanken von Hypothesentests missverstehenden Beiträgen in spezielleren Fachzeitschriften (NB: nicht Nature) wurde ebendort richtigstellend entgegnet: formal korrekte, obwohl nicht inhaltlich weiterführende Auseinandersetzungen. Es gab jedoch auch, von peer-reviewten Artikeln über den IPCC-Bericht 2007 und einem Buch von Lomborg bis hin zur &lt;a href="http://www.zamg.ac.at/display.php?imgPath=/pict/klima/klimawandel/6/6-2011-12-06_1_Bild-Zeitung_gr.gif&amp;amp;imgTitle=&amp;amp;imgSource=&amp;amp;imgWidth=600&amp;amp;imgHeight=292"&gt;Bild-Zeitung&lt;/a&gt; die Befunde verfälscht oder unvollständig darstellende Berichte: etwa dass es über die vergangenen Jahrhunderte keine signifikanten Trends im Hochwassergeschehen gegeben hätte oder dass Hochwassertrends im 20. Jahrhundert keinen klaren Aufwärtstrend zeigten. Als Reaktionen erfolgten (1) Richtigstellungen im Journal of Geophysical Research oder auf der eigenen akademischen Webseite und (2) die Selbstverpflichtung, künftig die Befunde sprachlich noch klarer zu repräsentieren. Man könnte sich weiterhin fragen, weshalb bekannte Medien wie FAZ, Spiegel, Süddeutsche oder Zeit trotz unserer Vorabinformation auf den Nature-Artikel nicht reagierten, und, wie der Klimaforscher Hans von Storch, ein unpassendes kulturell-politisches Umfeld oder, wie die Journalisten Maxeiner und Miersch, eine Langweiligkeit des Befundes („Hund beißt Mann“) dafür verantwortlich machen. (Diese Journalisten lagen jedoch falsch, unseren Artikel als „Topmeldung“ in der „internationalen Medienlandschaft“ zu sehen.) Derartige Fragen sind für mich als Klimatologen wissenschaftlich uninteressant und als Unternehmer ökonomisch irrelevant; Soziologen mögen sich dafür interessieren, ich mag darüber beim Bier in der Kneipe oder im elektronischen Pub (Blog) schwätzen. Die wissenschaftlich wirklich interessante und wirtschaftlich hochrelevante Frage ist, wie sich auf dekadischen Zeitskalen und angemessen kleinen Räumen (Einzugsgebiete bzw. Korrelationslängen Niederschlag) das Hochwasserrisiko mit dem Klima ändert. Änderung bedeutet Gewinn oder Verlust, und genaueres oder robusteres Wissen über Änderungen ist ein Vorteil.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Projektionen&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol start="1" type="1"&gt;&lt;li&gt;Die Einbeziehung hydrologischer Kompetenz und der Anschluss hydrologischer Modelle an die Klimamodelle wird belastbarere Aussagen zum Hochwassergeschehen erzeugen.&lt;/li&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;li&gt;Verbesserte statistische Analysemethoden und Sensitivitätsuntersuchungen helfen, den Unsicherheitskorridor besser abzuschätzen und etwas zu verengen.&lt;/li&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;li&gt;Bessere Fragen/Schätzobjekte lassen sich genauer oder robuster untersuchen; bessere Schätzmethoden beantworten gleichlautende Fragen genauer oder robuster (häufig erkauft man sich Robustheit auf Kosten von Genauigkeit). Das heißt: Klimawissenschaftler werden gemeinsam mit Statistikern hier den Entscheidungsträgern das bessere Fragen beibringen.&lt;/li&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;li&gt;Das IPCC wird professioneller mit eigenen Fehlern umgehen, die statistische Sprachfähigkeit verbessern, angemessener auf Fremdkritik reagieren und dadurch das maßgebende klimawissenschaftliche Beratungsorgan bleiben.&lt;/li&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;li&gt;Blogs und Printmedien werden auch in Zukunft unserer Unterhaltung dienen. Lernen passiert auch künftig alleine am Schreibtisch oder in Zweiergesprächen.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Dank und Hinweis:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Der Zentralanstalt und Reinhard Böhm sei gedankt für das Interesse und die Bereitschaft zur Veröffentlichung dieser Beiträge zum Hochwassergeschehen auf ihren Webseiten. Ich danke sehr für konstruktive Kommentare zu einer vorherigen Manuskriptversion: Mersku Alkio, Reinhard Böhm, Michael Börngen, Mathias Deutsch, Uwe Grünewald, Robert Hübner, Gerd Tetzlaff und Hans von Storch; dieser Beitrag gibt nicht notwendigerweise die Meinung der Kommentatoren wieder. Die &lt;/i&gt;Bild-Zeitung &lt;i&gt;gab freundlicherweise die Erlaubnis zur Reproduktion von &lt;a href="http://www.zamg.ac.at/display.php?imgPath=/pict/klima/klimawandel/6/6-2011-12-06_1_Bild-Zeitung_gr.gif&amp;amp;imgTitle=&amp;amp;imgSource=&amp;amp;imgWidth=600&amp;amp;imgHeight=292"&gt;Abbildung 1&lt;/a&gt;. Die Nennung der Namen im zweiten Absatz bezieht sich auf die zitierten Literaturstellen bzw. Links, nicht die Personen.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Links:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.glowa.org/"&gt;GLOWA-Projekte&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.iww.uni-hannover.de/KLIFWA"&gt;KLIFWA-Projekt&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Klimablog &lt;a href="http://climateaudit.org/"&gt;Climate Audit&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Klimablog &lt;a href="http://www.scilogs.de/wblogs/blog/klimalounge"&gt;KlimaLounge&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Klimablog &lt;a href="http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/"&gt;Klimazwiebel&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Klimablog &lt;a href="http://www.realclimate.org/"&gt;RealClimate&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.kliwas.de/"&gt;KLIWAS-Projekt&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.umwelt.sachsen.de/umwelt/wasser/8214.htm"&gt;KliWES-Projekt&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Maxeiner D., Miersch M. (2003): &lt;i&gt;Mann beißt Hund&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;a href="http://www.welt.de/print-welt/article261745/Mann_beisst_Hund.html"&gt;Website&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mudelsee M. (2011): &lt;i&gt;Corrections&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;a href="http://www.manfredmudelsee.com/corr"&gt; Website&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Ravetz J. (2010): &lt;i&gt;Part 2 – Answer and explanation to my critics&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href="http://wattsupwiththat.com/2010/02/22/jerry-ravetz-part-2-answer-and-explanation-to-my-critics/"&gt; Website&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Literatur:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bild-Zeitung (Hg.) (2007): Forscher sicher: Nie mehr Elbe-Flut im Winter! &lt;i&gt;Bild-Zeitung&lt;/i&gt;, 26. Juni 2007, 6&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bronstert, A., Menzel L., Kundzewicz Z.W. (2004): Leserbrief zum Kurzbeitrag „No upward trends in the occurence of floods in central Europe“. &lt;i&gt;Hydrobrief&lt;/i&gt; 23, 2–4&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Carnap R. (1931): Die physikalische Sprache als Universalsprache der Wissenschaft. &lt;i&gt;Erkenntnis&lt;/i&gt; 2, 432–465&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Diodato N. (2004): Local models for rainstorm-induced hazard analysis on Mediterranean river-torrential geomorphological systems. &lt;i&gt;Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences&lt;/i&gt; 4, 389–397&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Einstein A. (1949): Autobiographical notes. In: Schilpp P.A. (Hg.): &lt;i&gt;Albert Einstein: Philosopher–Scientist&lt;/i&gt;. Evanston: Library  Living Philosophers, 1–95&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Feyerabend, P. (1986): &lt;i&gt;Wider den Methodenzwang&lt;/i&gt;. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 423 Seiten&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Grünewald U., Mudelsee M., Tetzlaff G., Börngen M. (2004): Erwiderung zum „Leserbrief zum Kurzbeitrag ‚No upward trends in the occurrence of extreme in central Europe’ im Hydrobrief 22, Seite 3–4, Axel Bronstert et al.“. &lt;i&gt;Hydrobrief&lt;/i&gt; 24, 3–4&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hegel G.W.F. (1807): &lt;i&gt;Phänomenologie des Geistes.&lt;/i&gt; Bamberg: Goebhardt[Ausgabe 1907, Lasson G.(Hg.), Leipzig: Dürr, 532 ]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kandel E.R. (2006): &lt;i&gt;In search of memory: The emergence of a new science of mind.&lt;/i&gt; New York: Norton, 510 Seiten&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kant I. (1781): &lt;i&gt;Critik der reinen Vernunft.&lt;/i&gt; Riga: Hartknoch, 856 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kuhn T.S. (1970): &lt;i&gt;The Structure of scientific revolutions&lt;/i&gt;. 2. Aufl. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 210 Seiten&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kundzewicz Z.W. (2004): Editorial―Searching for change in hydrological data. &lt;i&gt;Hydrological Sciences Journal&lt;/i&gt; 49, 3–6&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kundzewicz Z.W. (2004): Reply to discussion of „Editorial―Searching for change in hydrological data“. &lt;i&gt;Hydrological Sciences Journal&lt;/i&gt; 49, 528–530&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lomborg B. (2007): &lt;i&gt;Cool it: The sceptical environmentalist's guide to global warming&lt;/i&gt;. New York: Knopf, 253 Seiten&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mudelsee M. (2010): &lt;i&gt;Climate time series analysis: Classical statistical and bootstrap methods.&lt;/i&gt; Dordrecht: Springer, 474 Seiten&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mudelsee M., Börngen M., Tetzlaff G., Grünewald U. (2004): Discussion of&amp;nbsp; „Editorial―Searching for change in hydrological data" by Z. W.&amp;nbsp; Kundzewicz. &lt;i&gt;Hydrological Sciences Journal&lt;/i&gt; 49, 527 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mudelsee M., Börngen M., Tetzlaff G., Günewald U. (2003): No upward trends in the occurrence of extreme floods in central Europe. &lt;i&gt;Nature&lt;/i&gt; 425, 166–169&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mudelsee M., Börngen M., Tetzlaff G., Grünewald U. (2004): Extreme floods in central Europe over the past 500 years: Role of cyclone pathway “Zugstrasse Vb.” &lt;i&gt;Journal of Geophysical Research&lt;/i&gt; 109, D23101, doi:10.1029/2004JD005034&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Polanyi M. (1958): &lt;i&gt;Personal knowledge: Towards a post-critical philosophy&lt;/i&gt;.Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 428 Seiten&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Popper K. (1935): &lt;i&gt;Logik der Forschung: Zur Erkenntnistheorie der modernen Naturwissenschaft&lt;/i&gt;. Wien: Julius Springer, 248 Seiten&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ravetz J. (2006): &lt;i&gt;The no-nonsense guide to science&lt;/i&gt;.Oxford: New Internationalist, 142 Seiten&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sauer H.D. (2002): Nur die Elbe ist hochwassersicher. &lt;i&gt;vdi&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;-Nachrichten&lt;/i&gt;, 20. September 2002&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Schopenhauer A. (1851): Skizze einer Geschichte der Lehre vom Idealen und Realen. In: &lt;i&gt;Parerga und Paralipomena. Bd. 1.&lt;/i&gt; Berlin: Hayn [Ausgabe 1986, Löhneysen W. (Hg.), Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 9–42]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sokal A., Bricmont J. (1998): &lt;i&gt;Intellectual impostures&lt;/i&gt;. London: Profile Books, 274 Seiten&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Trenberth K.E., Jones P.D., Ambenje P., Bojariu R., Easterling D., Klein Tank A., Parker D., Rahimzadeh F., Renwick J.A., Rusticucci M., Soden B., Zhai P. (2007): Observations: surface and atmospheric climate change. IPCC (Hg.) (2007): &lt;i&gt;Climate change 2007. The physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change&lt;/i&gt;. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, 235–336&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-4547181187615255765?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/4547181187615255765/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=4547181187615255765&amp;isPopup=true' title='13 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/4547181187615255765'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/4547181187615255765'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/12/hochwasserrisiko-personliche.html' title='Hochwasserrisiko: Persönliche Anmerkungen von Manfred Mudelsee'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>13</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-3510623684050403699</id><published>2011-12-15T10:39:00.002+01:00</published><updated>2011-12-15T11:17:35.194+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Durban: COP season 17, new episode</title><content type='html'>The editor of the Irish Times, Frank McDonald, writes "&lt;a href="http://www.nature.com/news/watching-the-players-at-the-climate-poker-table-1.9640"&gt;a personal take" in Nature&lt;/a&gt; on the Conferences of Parties (COP) in the past two decades, from Rio in 1992 to Durban in 2011. There is nothing spectacular about his view; instead, what I learned from this comment is the role that narratives play when we talk about climate. After reading this story, I asked myself: are we writing the story, or do we only follow a prefabricated script? I'll give it a try and turn reality into a TV series, based on Frank McDonald's script "Watching the players at the climate poker table".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The COPs resemble more and more "Madmen" or "Lost" or other successful TV series on HBO or elsewhere. Frank McDonald is the main actor, who travels restlessly from one COP to the next around the world. The storyline is based on scientific evidence - climate change is happening now. Diverse players such as powerful nations and small islands, heroes and villains, negotiators and advocates enter and leave the stage in ever new episodes, it is a developing story. They are "the players at the climate poker table", at stake is saving the world. And here a warning: in case you do not share McDonald's point of view,&amp;nbsp; be aware that your skeptical view is just another element in this entertaining series called "COP", now already season 17. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Here some of the ingredients that make up this developing story: main actors and ingredients are&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a) the journalist - passing through different countries and climate zones, from Berlin to Bali, from Montreal to Durban;&lt;br /&gt;b) the issue: climate change, as a distant threat in Berlin 1995 that has already turned into a reality. A reality confirmed by science, and which the journalist knows from personal experience: "anyone who has traveled in sub-Saharan Africa (as I have)..." knows that climate change is already in full swing;&lt;br /&gt;c) expectations: back in Rio 1992, participants thought they would already have saved climate and species and everything else; instead, the issue became "his ticket to travel the world", and salvation or doom are at the end of the story, in a distant future...&lt;br /&gt;d) negotiations and coalitions among often times unlikely partners; with India's environmental minister as a new big player in COP 17 and the EU seeking new partners among the small islands and Africa as the most recent development.&lt;br /&gt;e) heroes and villains along the way. Angela Merkel was a hero when she just ignored the objections of Saudi-Arabia and the rules of the UN and "gavelled through the mandate that led us to the Kyoto Protocoll two years later".&amp;nbsp; And the late Don Pearlman was the villain in his role as the advocate of the oil lobby - even the Saudis asked him for advice.&lt;br /&gt;f) hope and disappointment: Durban was another success along the way; the journey will go on even though "except in Europe, bigger countries still seem unwilling to take the steps required to respond to the science". But maybe Europe can...just watch the next episode!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As we all know, those series on HBO or elsewhere on TV depend very much on the interest of the audience. Each series has its ups and downs. This one already lasts so long that we have accepted it as a valid construction of reality.&lt;br /&gt;Maybe we are all trapped in this story like Truman in the Truman show. Remember when he manages to flee from the studio, and when he rows away in his small boat on the open sea? Suddenly thunder, lightning and storm comes up - another gimmick staged by the studio. Truman shouts desperately: Is there nothing real in this world? From the off, the producer says: "Sure, there is: you are real."&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-3510623684050403699?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/3510623684050403699/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=3510623684050403699&amp;isPopup=true' title='9 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/3510623684050403699'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/3510623684050403699'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/12/durban-cop-season-17-new-episode.html' title='Durban: COP season 17, new episode'/><author><name>Werner Krauss</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15094636819952421339</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>9</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-4643839553005629410</id><published>2011-12-14T15:16:00.003+01:00</published><updated>2011-12-25T17:41:16.349+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Arnell'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='extended peer review'/><title type='text'>Extended peer review: Assumptions in Arnell's article</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Addition, 25.12.2011&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now, the three known participants of the effort spelling out the assumptions in Arnell's study have published their results as comments further down. For some reason, a number of readers could not resist the temptation to please the rest of the crowd with their opinions on other issues related to Arnell - either that any assertions that the paper would not be fine (which have not been made), are baseless, or that one should discuss more if Meichsner article about AfricaGate was right, or that I would have a biased attitude favouring skeptics - , but somehow we have now have ended the "listing" phases of merely listing the assumptions made, without judging their plausibility or legitimacy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The three commentators, Reiner Grundmann, Günter Heß and myself, have not come to the same list - and I invite now everybody to comment whether our three listings are in order, and what you think about these assumptions. To make this easier, all comments apart of the three listing comments as well a few procedural explanations are deleted now. Please keep in mind that the purpose of this effort is to find out if we can agree on certain issues, independently of what we think about the severity of anthropogenic climate warming. Parallel to this, I am opening a &lt;a href="http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/12/what-do-you-think-about-effort-of.html"&gt;new thread&lt;/a&gt;, where all kind of comments on this process, on Arnell, Meichsner, on my biases, on the unfairness of deleting comments, are welcome. But please stay disciplined with the present thread - it is only on talking about the &lt;b&gt;assumptions&lt;/b&gt; employed by Arnell, not on other publications and also not on the &lt;b&gt;conclusions&lt;/b&gt; drawn by Arnell.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;---------------- original posting -------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;During a previous discussion on "Africagate" many comments were dealing with Arnell's analysis of possible future drought conditions or water stress in Africa. The participants of the discussion could not really agree how robust the analysis would be, and whether it was wise by the IPCC to base its perspectives mainly or even exclusively on this paper. (Correct presentation so far?)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I understand that we talk about this paper&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://mfs.uchicago.edu/troubledwaters/readings/arnell.pdf"&gt;N. W. Arnell, 2004: Climate change and global water resources: SRES emissions and socio-economic scenarios, Global Environmental Change 14, 31-52&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(The link was provided by Vinny Burgoo on 5 December 2011).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is the right paper, correct?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A few days earlier I had suggested that participants of the discussion here on the Klimazwiebel would screen this article with respect to the&lt;i&gt; key assumptions made by the author&lt;/i&gt;. So far two plus myself have volunteered (Günter Heß and Reiner Grundmann); if others want to join, you are welcome. None of us is a real expert in the field, so the exercise is among educated lay people - and the suggested process reminds on postnormal's "extended peer review".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What I suggest is&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;Readers comment until Saturday, 17 December 2011, on the two questions I have raised above, namely on the significance of the Arnell paper for the IPCC assessment, and whether the link above leads to the right article.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;The three volunteers, and hopefully more, will come up with a list of assumptions and publish them as comments on this thread -&lt;i&gt; in this phase without assessing the legitimacy or plausibility of the assumptions&lt;/i&gt;. We should limit ourselves to key assumptions, which are significant for the outcome of the analysis. This &lt;i&gt;"listing"-phase&lt;/i&gt; will be about 1 weeks beginning Sunday, 18 December 2011.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;After one weeks, I will announce that the "listing" phases is over, and invite comments on the completeness of the list, asa well as on the legitimacy and plausibility of the key assumptions.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;Please keep in mind that we are not discussing the conclusions of the article, but the implicit basis for the analysis. We will see if we are able to agree what the key assumptions are. I expect that we will find disagreement among the participants concerning plausibility and legitimacy of these assumptions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you want to comment on this process, you can do that until coming Saturday (17 Dec.) on this thread or by mailing me (hvonstorch@web.de).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Do not use the present thread for issues unrelated to the question  of assumptions made in the Arnell paper. I will delete comments which  are off-topic.&amp;nbsp; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-4643839553005629410?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/4643839553005629410/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=4643839553005629410&amp;isPopup=true' title='9 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/4643839553005629410'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/4643839553005629410'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/12/extended-peer-review-assumptions-in.html' title='Extended peer review: Assumptions in Arnell&apos;s article'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>9</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-3036977621789977003</id><published>2011-12-12T23:09:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2011-12-12T23:10:42.201+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Stefan Rahmstorf Interview über Durban</title><content type='html'>Die &lt;a href="http://www.taz.de/Stefan-Rahmsdorf-ueber-Durban/!83599/" target="_blank"&gt;TAZ&lt;/a&gt; hat ein interessantes Interview mit Stefan Rahmstorf &amp;nbsp;zum Ausgang der Klimaverhandlungen in Durban. Darin finden sich einige Aussagen, die voller Zustimmung bedürfen. So &amp;nbsp;bechschönt er den Misserfolg keineswegs:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ist denn der Klimaschutz im Rahmen der UN gescheitert?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Mit dem jetzt vereinbarten Zeitplan kann man die Klimaerwärmung nicht auf 2&amp;nbsp;Grad begrenzen. Es gibt eine riesige Lücke zwischen Anspruch und Realität.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Auf die Frage "Wie soll das gehen [mit der Einhaltung des 2 Grad Ziels, RG], wenn Klimaschutz freiwillig ist?"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;antwortet er ganz pragmatisch:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;Durch neue Bündnisse. Die Mehrheit der Staaten hat den Willen zum Klimaschutz. Denn sie wissen, dass es später teurer wird, wenn man nicht sofort mit dem Umbau der Energieinfrastruktur beginnt. Da kann die EU Partnerschaften mit Entwicklungs- und Schwellenländern eingehen. Die bauen jetzt Energieinfrastruktur auf, und wir können helfen, das gleich zukunftsfähig zu gestalten.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Die veränderte Realität der globalen politischen Parameter wird von ihm durchaus gesehen. Er scheint keinen Illusionen nachzuhängen, was ein zukünftiges globales Abkommen angeht, da dies in weiter Ferne sei... zu weit in der Zukunnft um eine Wende in den Emissionen zu bringen:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;Meine Hoffnung ist, dass eine Gruppe von Pionierländern entschlossen vorangeht und zeigt, dass Klimaschutz wirtschaftlich erfolgreich macht. Das würde die zaudernden Länder überzeugen.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Das hört sich fast schon wie die &lt;a href="http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/27939/" target="_blank"&gt;Hartwell Gruppe&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;an, die bekanntlich für pragmatische, sektorale, und bottom-up Politik eintritt. Er sieht Deutschland als Musterbeispiel im internationelen Klimaschutzwettbewerb, realisiert aber, dass das zu ökonomischen Nachteilen führen könnte. Auf eine entsprechende Frage des Journalisten antwortet er mit einer Forderung nach Schutzzöllen:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aber wer viel verschmutzt und dadurch billiger produziert, hat ökonomische Vorteile. Wie soll sich da der Einsatz grüner Technologie in wirtschaftlichem Erfolg niederschlagen?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Vordergründig haben Sie recht. Zunächst kostet das was. Das muss auch kompensiert werden, wenn es ein Bündnis von Klimaschutzländern geben sollte. Wenn nötig, könnten diese Länder sich schützen, etwa durch Zölle auf Billigimporte aus Ländern, die kein CO2 einsparen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Beschwören Sie da nicht einen Handelskrieg für den Klimaschutz herauf?&lt;/strong&gt;Es gibt im internationalen Handel die Möglichkeit, bei Gesundheitsgefährdungen den Handel zu beschränken. Warum sollten bei einer Bedrohung der Menschheit keine Zölle möglich sein?&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dies ist eine Sackgasse, die nicht nur in der gegenwärtigen ökonomischen Situation kontraproduktiv wäre. Klimapolitik auf dem Weg von Handelskriegen zu führen kann keine Lösung sein. Dieser Gedanke ist schon allein deshalb abwegig, weil die massiv steigenden Emissionen der nächsten Jahrzehnte nicht aus Deutschland kommen werden, sondern aus China, Indien und anderen aufstrebenden Wirtschaftsräumen. Dies sieht auch Rahmstorf, wenn er sagt,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;Gerade mit China sollten wir eine noch stärkere Zusammenarbeit suchen. Das kann funktionieren. Die Chinesen sind führende Produzenten von Wind- und Solaranlagen.&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Mit anderen Worten: China wird uns den Weg in innovative Technologie weisen und müsste dann Schutzzölle auf Waren erheben, die aus CO2 intensiven Ländern kommen ...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;Doch Rahmstorf wäre nicht Rahmstorf würde er nicht die Erwartung nach einer Alarmmeldung und einem gehörigen Schuss Moral bedienen:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;&lt;strong style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;Die internationale Gemeinschaft opfert also mit dem 2-Grad-Ziel bereits ganz bewusst einige Inselstaaten?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 19px;"&gt;Das ist zu befürchten. Auch viele andere Auswirkungen wie das häufigere Auftreten von Hitzewellen, Überschwemmungen und Dürren, das können wir bereits jetzt beobachten, nach einer Erderwärmung von 0,8 Grad. Die Formel lautet deshalb: Man muss sich an das Unvermeidbare anpassen und das nicht mehr Beherrschbare verhindern.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-3036977621789977003?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/3036977621789977003/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=3036977621789977003&amp;isPopup=true' title='24 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/3036977621789977003'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/3036977621789977003'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/12/stefan-rahmstorf-interview-uber-durban.html' title='Stefan Rahmstorf Interview über Durban'/><author><name>Reiner Grundmann</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12759452975366986236</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>24</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-3898359328517643306</id><published>2011-12-12T14:32:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2011-12-12T14:42:17.816+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Mathis Hampel'/><title type='text'>Mathis Hampel: Think Locally, Act Globally</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A guest thread by &lt;b&gt;Mathis Hampel&lt;/b&gt;, who notes that recent discussions here on the Zwiebel have prompted him to write a short argument against (global) climate control. Also he wants to encourage readers to imagine what climate would be had we never measured the atmosphere.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span class="apple-style-span"&gt;&lt;span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;"&gt;If we subscribe to a primacy of direct experience one acquires of the world over the many mediated ones, climate can be thought of as memorable “snapshots”: we remember what we have done and how we have felt at some point in our lives – here climate is not a physical entity but an experience alive in one's memory. Since one cannot remember the passage of time (but snapshots of space-time), memory of climate is primarily described in spatial terms and refers to dwelling in places and crossing (cultural) borders, “states of mind”, 'social' situations etc.. Hardly can time be sensibly divorced from space. In this vein, climate can never be objective. Objective climate can only exist in mediated form, for example, via the atmosphere's quantification which has turned the space-time of climate into a space/time of climate change. (Global) climate change in its geophysical reality so forces itself upon our imagination as a particular space-time configuration. Only via instrumental observations, climate models, etc. can climate be imagined as spaceless, changing through time and controllable. This scientific space/time offers the logic that our actions need to be controlled (globally, as it were). The repeated failure of Kyoto only shows that measures to control climate, hence human action and imagination are limited. In other words, climate change cannot be controlled &lt;b&gt;because we think locally and act globally&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-3898359328517643306?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/3898359328517643306/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=3898359328517643306&amp;isPopup=true' title='5 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/3898359328517643306'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/3898359328517643306'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/12/mathis-hampel-think-locally-act.html' title='Mathis Hampel: Think Locally, Act Globally'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>5</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-8927099806685429134</id><published>2011-12-11T18:44:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2011-12-11T18:46:01.865+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Atombomben'/><title type='text'>Ca. 1955: Atombomben und Klima</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;Von einem Freund bekam ich diesen Hinweis auf eine Darstellung, die in der Zeitschrift (?) &lt;i&gt;Unser Dasein&lt;/i&gt;  Nr. 22,  S. 4-10, ca 1955, die Themen Kernwaffen und Klimawandel  zusammenbrachte. In diesem Text von schreibt ein Ferdinand Vergin "ÜBER DIE  WIRKUNG DER ATOMBOMBENEXPLOSIONEN AUF WETTER UND LEBEWESEN" ausgehend von dem Buch "&lt;i&gt;Hat die Stunde H geschlagen?&lt;/i&gt;" des französischen Autors Charles Noel Martin, angeblich mit einem Vorwort von Albert Einstein.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ich veröffentliche dies hier, weil ich wissen möchte, inwieweit diese Argumente tatsächlich verbreitet waren, und von wem Sie geglaubt wurden. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Das  Buch von Charles Noel Martin, des französischen Atomphysikers, "Hat die Stunde H geschlagen?", das mit einem Vorwort von Albert Einstein  jetzt auch in deutscher Sprache im S. Fischer  Verlag in Frankfurt a. M.  erschienen ist, beantwortet die Frage, ob die Atombomben am schlechten  Wetter schuld sind, mit "Ja". Damit wäre zum Ausdruck gebracht, daß nicht die Sonne oder kosmische Einflüsse, sondern auch der Mensch an  den Wetterkatastrophen der letzten Jahre schuld ist. Allein schon aus diesem Grunde sollten daher weitere Versuchsexplosionen vermieden werden. Gerade im Hinblick auf das Wetter erklärt Martin: all diese Versuchsexplosionen sind "reiner Wahnsinn". Sie gefährden die  Lebensvoraussetzungen für das ganze Menschengeschlecht. Sie führen zu  kalten Sommern, sintflutartigen Regengüssen und einer Fülle von Unwettern. Demgegenüber sagen uns aber die Berufsmeteorologen, daß es zu  einer Änderung des Wetters Dauerwirkungen bedarf, denn eine H -Bombe  sei wie ein Tropfen im Ozean, ein lächerliches Nichts, das in  Sekundenschnelle verpuffe und darum auch gar keine Möglichkeit habe, irgendwie das Klima unserer Erde zu beeinflussen. Die Wissenschaft hat schon oft mit ihren Prognosen geirrt, und was die Vertrauenswürdigkeit der Wettersachverständigen anbetrifft, so ist diese schon oft  angezweifelt worden.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In den Jahren 1952 bis 1954 sind  10 Wasserstoffbomben zur Explosion gebracht worden, Bomben, die um ein  Vielfaches gewaltiger wirkten als die Atombombe von Hiroshima, die, als  sie am 6. 8. 1945 fiel, zur fürchterlichsten Waffe der Menschheit wurde  und in weni gen Sekunden 60000 Menschen tötete, 100000 verwundete und  200000 obdachlos machte. Viele weitere Tausend starben noch in den nächsten Tagen, Wochen und Monaten. Heute noch, nach 11 Jahren, sterben  immer wieder Menschen, die sich aus dem Bannkreis der Strahlungen der Katastrophe gerettet hallen, an ihren fortwirkenden Folgen. In der Zeit von 1952 bis 1954 wurde die Menschheit von furchtbaren Sturm  und Regenkatastrophen heim  gesucht. Einige Beispiele mögen das anschaulich machen:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Anfang 1953: Sturmflut in Holland, 2000 Tote&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;li&gt;Ende 1953: Gewaltige Wolkenbrüche in Mittel  und Süditalien mit ungeheuren Sachschäden&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;1953: stieg die Zahl der Tornados in den USA von 230 pro Jahr auf 512.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;1954: waren es bereits bis zum Oktober 686 Tornados. Innerhalb von sechs Wochen fallen gleich drei Hurrikane über Ostamerika her; die letzten drei davor sind innerhalb von 108 Jahren gekommen.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Mitte 1954: Größte Hochwasserkatastrophe in Bayern und Österreich.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Ende 1954: Riesige Unwetter über Südengland.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fest auf dem Boden der Statistik stehend, beweisen uns überlegen lächelnd die Meteorologen, daß es auch früher  Katastrophenjahre gegeben hat. Die Durchschnittstemperatur im Sommer 1913 und 1919 habe z. B. um mehrere Grade tiefer gelegen als im vergangenen Jahr. Die Regenmenge sei 1905, 1912 und 1927 mindestens ebenso groß gewesen. Wenn ein "Verantwortlicher" genannt wer den soll, dann könne man die Fülle der Stürme und Unwetter nur den Sonnenflecken zuschreiben. So einfach liegen aber die Dinge heute nicht mehr. Martin  führte drei Gründe dafür an:  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;haben bekannte Wetterforscher sowohl in Italien als auch in Japan eindeutig behauptet: Die Explosionen sind am anor malen Wetter schuld.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; es ist dringend vor der Weiterführung der Bombenversuche zu warnen, weil sie nicht nur den Klimahaushalt der Natur stören und den Fortbestand der ganzen Menschheit gefähr den.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; Albert Einstein, der auf zahlreichen Gebieten der Physik bahnbrechend gewirkt hat, hat noch kurz vor seinem Tode sich vorbehaltlos hinter die Warnung Martins gestellt und dieser dadurch weltweite Bedeutung verliehen.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;... &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Der Gesamttext kann bei mir bestellt werden; das Buch von Martin war via Amazon angeboten, aber meine Bestellung ist bislang nicht ausgeführt worden. - Hans von Storch&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-8927099806685429134?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/8927099806685429134/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=8927099806685429134&amp;isPopup=true' title='8 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/8927099806685429134'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/8927099806685429134'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/12/ca-1955-atombomben-und-klima.html' title='Ca. 1955: Atombomben und Klima'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>8</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-5128353043303969868</id><published>2011-12-11T18:31:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2011-12-11T18:32:40.808+01:00</updated><title type='text'>After Durban: Hans von Storch und Nico Stehr im Spiegel</title><content type='html'>&lt;div&gt;Jetzt, da der Klimagipfel in Durban erfolgreich gescheitert ist, ist es Zeit zur Nachlese. Was hat der viel beschworene Kompromiss gebracht und wie wird es weitergehen? Hans von Storch und Nico Stehr &lt;a href="http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/mensch/0,1518,802850,00.html" target="_blank"&gt;widmen sich der Frage&lt;/a&gt; nach der Rolle der Wissenschaft in diesem Prozess. Sie&amp;nbsp;beginnen ihre Analyse mit dem Befund, dass der Versuch von Naturwissenschaftlern, eine Erfolg versprechende Klimapolitik anzuleiten, gescheitert sei:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;"&gt;Eine Politik, die von Wissenschaftlern verordnet wird, ist offenbar nicht möglich. Ursache dafür ist ein falsches Verständnis der Rolle der Klimaforschung und die Vereinfachung des Problems Klimawandel. Sich allein auf die Einschränkung der Treibhausgas-Emissionen als einziges Mittel gegen den Klimawandel zu konzentrieren, war ein Fehler.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Klimapolitik und Klimaforschung sind zu eng gekoppelt. In beiden grassiert die Vorstellung, eine richtige Forschung fuehre zur richtigen Politik.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;"&gt;Klimaforschung und Klimapolitik haben ein gemeinsames Problem. Beide leiden darunter, dass der öffentliche Diskurs über den gesellschaftspolitisch notwendigen Umgang mit den Veränderungen des Klimas zu eingeschränkt verläuft. Der Anspruch einer angeblich "richtigen" Klimapolitik, die ihre Legitimation und Autorität unmittelbar aus "der" Wissenschaft bezieht, verstellt die Möglichkeit, das Problem politisch und gesellschaftlich zu lösen. Dadurch könnten Klimaschutz-Optionen neben der CO2-Reduktion verhandelt werden. Das geschieht bisher kaum.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Das Scheitern der grossen Klimapolitik hat Rueckwirkungen auf die Klimaforschung. Sie erleidet einen Vertrauensverlust. Wie kann sie sich zuruecknehmen und doch weiterhin zur Debatte beitragen?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;"&gt;Eine gesellschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung mit dem Klimaproblem und eine Wiederherstellung des gesellschaftlichen Vertrauens in die Deutungskompetenz "der Wissenschaft" erfordert zunächst ein realistisches Verständnis der gesellschaftlichen Rolle der Wissenschaft in der Gesellschaft. Die Wissenschaft wird sich zurücknehmen müssen, die Gesellschaft muss Naturwissenschaftler abweisen, die sie bevormunden wollen.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;"&gt;Es geht also um eine Erweiterung der Handkungsoptionen, nicht um deren Einengung:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;"&gt;Gebraucht wird Wissenschaft, um Zusammenhänge darzustellen, um Optionen, Wirkungen und Bedingungen für politische Strategien abzuklären. Nicht gebraucht aber wird Wissenschaft, um politische Strategien auszuschließen oder als richtig auszuweisen. Vor allem wird die Wissenschaft nicht dafür benötigt, gesellschaftliche Optionen einzuengen. Vielmehr geht es darum, das ganze Spektrum der Möglichkeiten herauszuarbeiten und, wenn möglich, sogar zu erweitern. Aus diesen Optionen sollen dann im politischen Entscheidungsprozess wertekonsistente "Lösungen" erarbeitet werden. Im Grundgesetz der Bundesrepublik Deutschland ist übrigens nicht festgeschrieben, dass Wissenschaft unmittelbar an der politischen Willensbildung teilnehmen soll.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;"&gt;Schliesslich brauchen wir die Sozial- und Geisteswissenschaften, denn die Fokussierung auf Naturwissenschaften liefert einer technokratischen Illusion Vorschub:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-color: white; font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica, geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 18px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;Um diesen Reflektionsprozess zu bewältigen, braucht die Klimawissenschaft Hilfe aus den Sozial- und Kulturwissenschaften. Denn die zentrale Herausforderung besteht ja gerade darin, dass die Klimaforschung ein sozialer Prozess ist, der sich in sozialen und kulturellen Zusammenhängen entfaltet.&lt;/blockquote&gt;Bleibt hinzuzufügen, dass dieser soziale Prozess es ist, der die praktischen Möglichkeiten einer Klimapolitik auslotet, ohne sich von der wissenschaftlichen Fixierung lähmen zu lassen. Das Motto sollte sein (frei nach Fanta4) "Was geht? Ich sag dir's ganz konkret"&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-5128353043303969868?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/5128353043303969868/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=5128353043303969868&amp;isPopup=true' title='26 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/5128353043303969868'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/5128353043303969868'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/12/after-durban-hans-von-storch-und-nico.html' title='After Durban: Hans von Storch und Nico Stehr im Spiegel'/><author><name>Reiner Grundmann</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12759452975366986236</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>26</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-8413982698385446391</id><published>2011-12-09T19:37:00.005+01:00</published><updated>2011-12-09T19:58:30.071+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Welcome in the Anthropocene</title><content type='html'>The Hamburger KlimaCampus recently dedicated a &lt;a href="http://www.klimacampus.de/anthropocene.html"&gt;workshop&lt;/a&gt; to the &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropocene"&gt;anthropocene&lt;/a&gt;. While nobody doubted that the Holocene has transformed into the anthropocene, this new age was almost unanimously interpreted as a state of emergency. &lt;br /&gt;The American scientists and conservationists&amp;nbsp; &lt;a href="http://www.emmamarris.com/"&gt;Emma Marris&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.nature.org/ourscience/ourscientists/conservation-science-at-the-nature-conservancy-peter-kareiva-phd.xml"&gt;Peter Kareiva&lt;/a&gt;, Joseph Mascaro and Erle C. Ellis see this differently in today's New York Times; they indeed see "&lt;a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/08/opinion/the-age-of-man-is-not-a-disaster.html?_r=2&amp;amp;src=tp"&gt;Hope in the age of man&lt;/a&gt;":&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;Some environmentalists see the Anthropocene as a disaster by definition,  since they see all human changes as degradation of a pristine Eden. (...) But in fact, humans have been changing ecosystems for millenniums.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;The authors follow a line of arguments that sees the anthropocene as a challenge: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;Yes, we live in the Anthropocene — but that does not mean we inhabit an  ecological hell. Our management and care of natural places and the  millions of other species with which we share the planet could and  should be improved. But we must do far more than just hold back the tide  of change and build higher and stronger fences around the Arctic, the  Himalayas and the other “relatively intact ecosystems,” (...).&lt;/blockquote&gt;They go way beyond the traditional defensive environmental agenda of saving what is still left to be saved. Instead, they understand "creation" as an activity:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;We can accept the reality of humanity’s reshaping of the environment  without giving up in despair. We can, and we should, consider actively  moving species at risk of extinction from &lt;a class="meta-classifier" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/science/topics/globalwarming/index.html?inline=nyt-classifier" title="Recent and archival news about global warming."&gt;climate change&lt;/a&gt;.  We can design ecosystems to maintain wildlife, filter water and  sequester carbon. We can restore once magnificent ecosystems like  Yellowstone and the Gulf of Mexico to new glories — but glories that  still contain a heavy hand of man. We can fight sprawl and mindless  development even as we cherish the exuberant nature that can  increasingly be found in our own cities, from native gardens to green  roofs. And we can do this even as we continue to fight for international  agreements on limiting the greenhouses gases that are warming the  planet.        &lt;/blockquote&gt;To my European ears, this sounds like post-modern techno - hippies, with one hand planting flowers and with the other consecrating a new carbon-free nuclear plant. Gardening and geo-engineering, and: no politics, please. Instead, the slogan is taking into possession what once was considered as God's work:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;This is the Earth we have created, and we have a duty, as a species, to  protect it and manage it with love and intelligence. It is not ruined.  It is beautiful still, and can be even more beautiful, if we work  together and care for it.        &lt;/blockquote&gt;This op-ed piece reflects a current trend in (American) environmentalism away from the idea of pristine nature towards the active management of nature, the embracing of technology and the will to actively form and shape the world we inhabit. I guess it's not by coincidence that this piece is published while the world's leaders meet in Durban; it is an attempt to unleash the inherent power in the environmental movement, which currently is still focused exclusively on the "big solution" provided by the climate summit in Durban on the one hand, and the creation of another national park on the other. Seen from this perspective, embracing the anthropocene might mark the end of catastrophism and open a new chapter in the long history of environmentalism.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-8413982698385446391?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/8413982698385446391/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=8413982698385446391&amp;isPopup=true' title='4 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/8413982698385446391'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/8413982698385446391'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/12/welcome-in-anthropocene.html' title='Welcome in the Anthropocene'/><author><name>Werner Krauss</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15094636819952421339</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-2628437832176280829</id><published>2011-12-08T09:36:00.007+01:00</published><updated>2011-12-12T10:17:28.879+01:00</updated><title type='text'>A discussion between Gerbrand Komen and Fred Singer</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Gerbrand Komen 7 December 2011:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(with two clickable links added on 12. December 2011)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On &lt;u&gt;31 August 2011&lt;/u&gt; Fred Singer gave a lecture at the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI). This lecture was followed by a discussion on two propositions, which had been proposed to Dr Singer beforehand (on 25 July 2011; see &lt;a href="http://bit.ly/vEtmSA" target="top"&gt;schedule&lt;/a&gt;):&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;A&lt;/b&gt; Climate scientists must communicate uncertainties and their consequences.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;B&lt;/b&gt; None of current climate models overcome chaotic uncertainty&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;The discussion was moderated by myself. On behalf of KNMI proposition &lt;b&gt;A&lt;/b&gt; was defended by Prof. Bart van den Hurk (KNMI, Universiteit Utrecht) and proposition &lt;b&gt;B&lt;/b&gt; was discussed by Dr. Sybren Drijfhout (see his &lt;a ,="" href="http://bit.ly/sT5nHm" target="top"&gt;presentation&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Proposition &lt;b&gt;B&lt;/b&gt; was one of the conclusions of Dr. Singer in his lecture. In essence, Sybren Drijfhout argued that this proposition was incorrect, because:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;It was based on a case study which did not allow generalization.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;KNMI had made runs with a ‘current climate model’ which actually did overcome ‘chaotic uncertainty’ (i.e. noise due to variability).&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;In his reaction on 31 August Dr. Singer ignored proposition &lt;b&gt;A&lt;/b&gt;, and he did not comment on proposition &lt;b&gt;B&lt;/b&gt;, saying that he first wanted to study the arguments of Dr. Drijfhout.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On &lt;u&gt;17 October 2011&lt;/u&gt; I initiated an e-mail exchange, hoping to arrive at a joint statement. Initially there was some encouraging convergence. However, the final mails in this exchange, in &lt;u&gt;December 2011&lt;/u&gt;, made further convergence unlikely.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I believe it is important that I present my conclusions:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;Both Singer and van den Hurk endorse proposition A.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Drijfhout refuted Singer’s conclusion (proposition B). Singer’s reaction is inadequate.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;The relevant e-mails are copied &lt;a href="http://www.klimastorch.de/klimastorch/singer-knmi-discussion.pdf"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. For the record.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(Adapted with permission from &lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://home.kpn.nl/g.j.komen/singer-knmi-discussion.pdf" target="top"&gt;http://home.kpn.nl/g.j.komen/singer-knmi-discussion.pdf&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-2628437832176280829?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/2628437832176280829/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=2628437832176280829&amp;isPopup=true' title='18 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/2628437832176280829'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/2628437832176280829'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/12/discussion-between-gerbrand-komen-and.html' title='A discussion between Gerbrand Komen and Fred Singer'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>18</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-3402161727336432864</id><published>2011-12-03T14:15:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2011-12-03T14:15:56.163+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Rahmstorf Deutsch'/><title type='text'>Im Namen des Volkes ... (II)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;Eine Kollegin schreibt mir „&lt;i&gt;ganz egal wie es um die Details der Diskussion um Rahmstorf steht: ich finde es erschreckend, auf welchem Niveau die Diskussion angekommen ist. Und dazu gehört auch, dass das Urteil gegen R auf der Klimazwiebel steht. Mich würde sehr interessieren, was Du dazu meinst.&lt;/i&gt;“&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Vielleicht sollte ich dazu hier auf der Klimazwiebel antworten. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Der Prozeß zur Klärung der Vorwürfe zwischen Rahmstorf und Meichsner scheint mir in der Tat Ausdruck einer unerfreulichen Atmosphäre zu sein; wenn ich in den vergangenen Jahren mit Journalisten sprach und dabei auf das Thema „Rahmstorf“ kam, konnte immer wieder die Verärgerung bemerken, wie SR etwa über die Chefredaktionen versucht hat, einzelne Journalisten zu maßregeln. Das kam nicht gut an, war mein Eindruck. Insofern war ich nicht verwundert, dass es dann irgendwann knallte. Ich denke, der Sache nach zurecht – denn die Unabhängigkeit der Medien ist zumindest mir ein hohes Gut. Journalisten sind nicht unsere Sekretäre, die aufschreiben sollen, was wir verkünden wollen, sondern erfüllen die wichtige Funktion, Sachverhalte in den Kontext zu stellen, in seiner kulturellen Konditionierung zu begreifen, im Spannungsfeld von Ansprüchen. Oder in anderen Worten: Ihre Wahrnehmung des Themas zu Papier zu bringen, nicht meine. Also einen Mehrwert zu erzeugen über die „Information“ von Tatsachen hinaus, seien die nur behauptet oder nahe dem, was manche „Fakten“ nennen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Frau Meichsner hat in ihrem Beitrag ein paar Dinge ausgedrückt, die Herr Rahmstorf nicht mochte, und er scheint auf seine Art losmarschiert zu sein, wie es im Urteil heisst: „polemisch im erheblichen Maße überspitzt“ (S. 8. unten). Dabei wurde er im Detail ungenau; zwei Aussagen wurden ihm vom Gericht als „unwahr“ angekreidet. Das kann im Eifer des Gefechts mal passieren, o.k., aber eine Unterlassungserklärung lehnte er ab (Urteil, S. 5 oben). Das Gericht erkannte auf  Verletzung des Persönlichkeitsrechts der Journalistin in zwei Punkten, während ein Punkt eine zulässige Meinungsäusserung darstelle, wenngleich diese als „polemisch im erheblichen Maße überspitzt“ charakterisiert wurde.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In den Details ist das Ganze belanglos. Es ist aber ein Ausdruck einer unerfreulichen Atmosphäre, wie meine Kollegin zurecht beklagt. Warum diese öffentlich machen, warum das Urteil öffentlich machen? Erstens, weil die Öffentlichkeit wissen sollte, wie tief einzelne Wissenschaftler in das politische Tagesgeschäft eingesunken sind, dass Wissenschaftler nicht nur Anspruch auf Anerkennung für das neu erzeugte Wissen haben, dass einige auch beanspruchen, wie dies politisch zu verstehen sei.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Zweitens: nachdem die Story in WPK erzählt worden ist – mehrere Monate nach dem Urteil - , war für mich klar, dass die Entscheidung des Kölner Landgerichts unter Journalisten bekannt war. Die „Story“ würde also in jedem Falle bald herauskommen, spätestens aus Anlaß von „Durban“. Ohne Kenntnis des Urteils selbst war von einer erheblichen Mythenbildung auszugehen. Daher habe ich das Urteil, dass mir von einem Journalisten zugespielt wurde, öffentlich gemacht. Damit wir wissen, wovon wir reden. Vorher habe ich mich versichert, dass das Urteil rechtskräftig ist, und dass derartige Urteile nicht vertraulich sind.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Es geht übrigens bei dem Urteil nicht nur um Stefan Rahmstorf und um Irene Meichsner, sondern auch um die Frankfurter Rundschau. Es macht klar, dass Journalisten ebensowenig wie Wissenschaftler generell Heilige sind. Aber das wussten wir schon vorher.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-3402161727336432864?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/3402161727336432864/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=3402161727336432864&amp;isPopup=true' title='102 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/3402161727336432864'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/3402161727336432864'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/12/im-namen-des-volkes-ii.html' title='Im Namen des Volkes ... (II)'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>102</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-1394581300095385286</id><published>2011-12-02T11:54:00.003+01:00</published><updated>2011-12-02T12:52:49.315+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Actionable climate science</title><content type='html'>The journal Science has put up a &lt;a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/334/6059/1052.full"&gt;commentary by Richard Kerr &lt;/a&gt;about 'actionable (climate) science', based on a conference recently held in Denver about how to frame the results of climate science so that they can be used by, for instance, 'a farmer in Uganda considering irrigating his fields can use to make better decisions in a warming world'. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This piece is, in my opinion, exceptionally well balanced - I mean exceptionally or the journal Science. The take-home message is that, although climate projections roughly agree for some variables  like temperature and at large spatial scales, they do not completely disagree for other variables like precipitation and at local scales. A reasonable rule of thumb is that agreement among models is better for thermal than 'hydrological' variables and better at large scale than at smaller scales. One has to keep in mind that 'better' does not mean 'good'.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The conference discussed a practical example of climate projections for the Colorado River basin obtained by 16 different climate models driven by 3 different scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions. The  projected temperature change  for 2040 lies in the range 1-5 degrees Celsius, a very wide range indeed but at least all models show a warming with respect to present temperatures. For precipitation change the projected range is -10% to +20%. In other words, it is not possible to say whether the Colorado River basin will get drier or wetter by 2040. The projected range for 2100 is even larger from -20% to +30%.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What can we say to the Ugandan farmer?  The University of Cape Town has developed &lt;a href="http://cip.csag.uct.ac.za"&gt; very nice on-line tool &lt;/a&gt; to quickly represent the IPCC projections for temperature and precipitation for any area in Africa (free registration required).&lt;br /&gt;Instead of Uganda, I have chosen another location in Africa, Fes in Morocco, just to check weather or not  I could confirm that IPCC models predict for North Africa severe droughts -  as this seems to essence of  other &lt;a href="http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/12/climate-science-asnervous-system-case.html"&gt;current  debates between scientist and journalists &lt;/a&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vDclMWU5Vns/TtirEJj4NNI/AAAAAAAAAFY/cefYmzKpN7c/s1600/FES-SAIS.ppt.monthly_totals.20thCentury.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="400" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vDclMWU5Vns/TtirEJj4NNI/AAAAAAAAAFY/cefYmzKpN7c/s400/FES-SAIS.ppt.monthly_totals.20thCentury.png" width="400" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;FES-SAIS&lt;br /&gt;Station ID: 60141&lt;br /&gt;Coordinates: 33.93° N, 4.98° W&lt;br /&gt;Altitude: 579 (meters)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;Top panel: 10th to 90th percentile multi-model range of monthly rainfall  totals for 20th Century (grey) and future period (scenario A2, red). Bottom panel:  10th to 90th percentile multi-model range of monthly rainfall anomalies  between the future simulation period and the 20th Century simulation  period. Source: Climate Information Portal, University of Cape Town,&amp;nbsp; http://cip.csag.uct.ac.za&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The mean of the projected changes tend to be negative, but my impression is that even when choosing the most pessimistic scenario, SRS A2, the model spread is large enough to encompass positive and negative precipitation changes which even alternate through the year. This allows anyone to go to the IPCC supermarket and cherry pick the model that better fits one's pre-formed believes. For Uganda, the model mean is closer to zero with also a quite large spread.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-1394581300095385286?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/1394581300095385286/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=1394581300095385286&amp;isPopup=true' title='4 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/1394581300095385286'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/1394581300095385286'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/12/actionable-climate-science.html' title='Actionable climate science'/><author><name>eduardo</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/17725131974182980651</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ZfHbCG3yJ9A/TN_i6lqM-kI/AAAAAAAAADU/BVSBSyzQqcg/S220/smalldsc00588.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vDclMWU5Vns/TtirEJj4NNI/AAAAAAAAAFY/cefYmzKpN7c/s72-c/FES-SAIS.ppt.monthly_totals.20thCentury.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-2526382262582647737</id><published>2011-12-01T22:04:00.003+01:00</published><updated>2011-12-01T22:46:15.092+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Climate science as nervous system: the case Rahmstorf versus Meichsner</title><content type='html'>Today, &lt;a href="http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/natur/0,1518,796623,00.html"&gt;spiegel-online &lt;/a&gt;and &lt;a href="http://www.welt.de/debatte/kolumnen/Maxeiner-und-Miersch/article13733022/Der-Agitator-Rahmstorf-und-sein-Juengstes-Gericht.html"&gt;Die Welt&lt;/a&gt; have articles about the case Rahmstorf versus Meichsner (we had&amp;nbsp; discussed this already &lt;a href="http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/11/im-namen-des-volkes.html"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;). Roger Pielke jr. &lt;a href="http://rogerpielkejr.blogspot.com/2011/12/journalist-fights-back-and-wins.html"&gt;sums it up &lt;/a&gt;perfectly in proper English and the correct dose of empathy for the journalist. Still exhausted from yesterday's climategate 2 experience, reading these articles makes me feel almost sick (even the triumph of Maxeiner &amp;amp; Miersch in Die Welt is full of bad vibes).&lt;br /&gt;When thinking about what this all might possibly mean, the anthropologist &lt;a href="http://www.columbia.edu/cu/anthropology/fac-bios/taussig/faculty.html"&gt;Michael Taussig&lt;/a&gt; comes to my mind. Taussig coined the term "nervous system", which helps maybe to&amp;nbsp; put these climate science scandals into a greater context. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;Here a nice definition of what that means:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;Written in 1992, the Nervous System is an insightful anthropological  work comprised of nine essays. Michael Taussig sets out on a journey to  explore and describe various forces that shape and mold our present  society. He tries to explore the process through which we commodify the  state and in that way transfer the power to it. Taussig shows how the  state uses forces such as violence or media control to consolidate its  power over the people.He persuasively argues that we live in a state of  emergency, citing Walter Benjamin, that is not ‘an exception but the  rule.’ To show the universality of the nervous system he takes his  reader through the heights of Macchu Picchu, the world of Cuna shamans,  and the pale world of New York’s hospital system. (&lt;a href="http://roundtable.kein.org/node/764"&gt;by eyal weizman&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/blockquote&gt;Just add the world of climate science.&lt;br /&gt;(The analogy to "the state", I am not sure about that. Things are more complex. But the general nervousness and the link to power, the wish to control the media and so on captures perfectly the inherent paranoia.)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-2526382262582647737?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/2526382262582647737/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=2526382262582647737&amp;isPopup=true' title='33 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/2526382262582647737'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/2526382262582647737'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/12/climate-science-asnervous-system-case.html' title='Climate science as nervous system: the case Rahmstorf versus Meichsner'/><author><name>Werner Krauss</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15094636819952421339</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>33</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-6330987602830559402</id><published>2011-11-30T07:44:00.003+01:00</published><updated>2011-11-30T08:03:06.346+01:00</updated><title type='text'>SZ Interview mit Hans-Joachim Schellnhuber</title><content type='html'>"Manchmal gibt es die Pflicht zu warnen", so der Titel eines Interviews mit H.-J. Schellnhuber in der Süddeutschen Zeitung vom 29. November anlässlich der in Durban beginnenden Klimakonferenz . Das Interview ist gerahmt von einer Metapher, dem Blick in die Kristallkugel, die es Schellnhuber erlaubt, spielerisch verschiedene Szenarien zu entwickeln.&amp;nbsp; Diese Kristallkugel steht übrigens tatsächlich auf dem Tisch:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;"Die habe ich vor zwei Wochen in Stockholm bekommen, als Trophäe des Umweltpreises der Volvo-Stiftung. Unter Umweltwissenschaftlern gilt diese Auszeichnung als eine Art Nobelpreis."&amp;nbsp; &lt;/blockquote&gt;In der Folge spricht Schellnhuber über Durban, die Tragik der Klimawissenschaften, Alarmismus, das zwei-Grad Ziel und dass es immer noch Hoffnung gibt.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Zu Durban:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;"Nüchtern betrachtet wird Durban der Versuch sein, die globale Klimagemeinschaft zusammenzuhalten, einen Zusammenbruch der Klimadiplomatie zu vermeiden. Das Endspiel der Klimapolitik findet erst Mitte des Jahrzehnts statt. Dann erscheint der neue Sachstandsbericht des Weltklimarats".&lt;/blockquote&gt;(Wird hier das Primat der Wissenschaft über die Politik manifestiert? Ich bin erstaunt über diesen Sprung von Durban 2011 zum IPCC Bericht, von der Politik zur Wissenschaft, die "das Endspiel" der Klimapolitik bestimmt).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Im weiteren Verlauf gibt er eine Zustandsbeschreibung der gegenwärtigen Situation, die erwartungsgemäß alles andere als rosig ist. H.-J. Schellnhuber geht dabei von einem Budget bzw. Scheitelpunkt von 750 Gigatonnen Kohlendioxid aus, "die die Menschheit bis 2050 noch freisetzen darf, wenn gefährlicher Klimawandel vermieden werden soll".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Zum "tragischen Triumph der Wissenschaften": &lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;" Ich bin der Frage nachgegangen, ob wir Klimawissenschaftler ein Happy End erleben werden. Dazu gehören zwei Dinge: Erstens, dass wir uns am Ende nicht geirrt haben, und zweitens, dass die Menschen unsere Warnungen auch aufgreifen."&lt;/blockquote&gt;Er malt dann vier mögliche Szenarien aus. Aber selbst im letzten Szenario, wenn sich die Prognosen der Wissenschaft als richtig erwiesen UND die Gesellschaft richtig gehandelt hat,&amp;nbsp; dann wird diesem happy end eine für die Wissenschaftler tragische Note anhaften:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;"Viele würden fragen: Wie wollt ihr je beweisen, dass Euer Klimawandel tatsächlich eingetreten wäre?"&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Zum Vorwurf des Alarmismus:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;"Das ist ein Mythos. Man muss bedenken, das sich die Wissenschaftler permanent gegenseitig kritisch beäugen. Peer review heißt das (...) Wenn man dann als Forscher entsprchend gehärtetes Wissen über den Klimawandel hat, &lt;b&gt;kann man nicht mehr im Paradies der Standpunktlosigkeit verweilen".&lt;/b&gt; (meine Hervorhebung, W.K.)&lt;/blockquote&gt;(Das schließt natürlich an die von Frau Wippermann geäußerten Überlegungen an, im &lt;a href="http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/11/hvstorch-vortrag-zum-80-geburtstag-von.html"&gt;Kommentar&lt;/a&gt; zum Hans von Storch Vortrag). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Und, aufgefordert zu einem abschließenden Blick in die Kristallkugel:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;"Moment, ich tue einen tiefen Blick ... Dass die Zwei-Grad-Linie hält, ist sehr unwahrscheinlich, aber es passieren manchmal Dinge, die enorm viel Dynamik erzeugen. Ein Blick in die Industriegeschichte zeigt, wie schnell der Wechsel von alter zu neuer Wirtschaftsweise gehen kann. Wenn die moderne Alternative, zum Beispiel das erneuerbar-effiziente Energiesystem, etwas 15 Prozent der Wirtschaft durchdrungen hat, dann kippt das Ganze, dann kann sich das Alte nicht mehr halten, auch wenn es noch dominiert. Ich glaube, wir sind global betrachtet ziemlich nah an dieser kritischen Masse dran. Und die deutsche Energiewende könnte genau der noch fehlende Beitrag sein."&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dieses Interview ist gut als Kontrast oder im Vergleich mit dem Vortrag von Hans von Storch zu denken (wobei man die sehr unterschiedlichen Gesprächssituationen und Genres berücksichtigen muss). Dies gilt vor allem für Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede im Selbstverständnis als Wissenschaftler, der Rolle der Wissenschaft und im "Weltverhältnis".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Und dann die Kristallkugel, in der man nicht nur einen Blick in die Zukunft werfen kann, sondern die auch für einen Moment das Begehren dessen, der hineinschaut, beleuchtet. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Und beide Artikel sind verblüffend ähnlich illustriert: Beide Zeitungen wählen fast identische Bilder aus - die FAZ den trockenen Rhein bei Bingen (siehe unten), die SZ den ausgetrockenten Chaohu-See in China. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vRITi21RHeA/TtXQiNOAGsI/AAAAAAAABVk/SUxBNWY8YUc/s1600/312884967.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="179" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vRITi21RHeA/TtXQiNOAGsI/AAAAAAAABVk/SUxBNWY8YUc/s320/312884967.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-6330987602830559402?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/6330987602830559402/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=6330987602830559402&amp;isPopup=true' title='14 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/6330987602830559402'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/6330987602830559402'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/11/sz-interview-mit-hans-joachim.html' title='SZ Interview mit Hans-Joachim Schellnhuber'/><author><name>Werner Krauss</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15094636819952421339</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vRITi21RHeA/TtXQiNOAGsI/AAAAAAAABVk/SUxBNWY8YUc/s72-c/312884967.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>14</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-1591983564291829973</id><published>2011-11-29T23:10:00.002+01:00</published><updated>2011-11-29T23:10:59.308+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Durban'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Geden'/><title type='text'>Geden über Durban</title><content type='html'>Zu Beginn der Durban-Verhandlungen hat sich Oliver Geden in mehreren Beiträgen zur Problematik der Klimaverhandlungen geäussert. Zwei dieser Beiträge sind auf dem Internet verfügbar, nämlich bei der &lt;a href="http://www.taz.de/Debatte-Globale-Erwaermung/!82692/"&gt;taz&lt;/a&gt; und beim &lt;a href="http://derstandard.at/1319183928974/Klimagipfel-Durban-Same-Procedure-As-Every-Year"&gt;Standard&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-1591983564291829973?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/1591983564291829973/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=1591983564291829973&amp;isPopup=true' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/1591983564291829973'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/1591983564291829973'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/11/geden-uber-durban.html' title='Geden über Durban'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-5947958321244259693</id><published>2011-11-29T10:22:00.005+01:00</published><updated>2011-11-29T22:47:12.540+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Hans von Storch: Vortrag zum 80. Geburtstag von Klaus Hasselmann</title><content type='html'>Heute in der Printausgabe der FAZ (und &lt;a href="http://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/klimaforschung-eine-wissenschaft-in-der-falle-der-eigenen-wichtigkeit-11544483.html"&gt;hier &lt;/a&gt;im Netz) der Abdruck eines langen Vortrags von &lt;a href="http://coast.gkss.de/staff/storch/"&gt;Hans von Storch&lt;/a&gt; anlässlich eines &lt;a href="http://www.mpimet.mpg.de/nc/aktuelles/single-news/article/mpi-m-gruendungsdirektor-klaus-hasselmann-mit-wissenschaftlichem-symposium-geehrt.html"&gt;Symposiums zum 80. Geburtstag&lt;/a&gt; von &lt;a href="http://www.mpimet.mpg.de/en/mitarbeiter/klaus-hasselmann/"&gt;Klaus Hasselmann&lt;/a&gt;, dem ehemaligen Direktor des Max-Planck-Instituts für Meteorologie in Hamburg. Unter dem Titel: "Eine Wissenschaft in der Falle der eigenen Wirklichkeit" legt Hans von Storch ausgehend von der Geschichte des MPI seinen Blick auf die Geschichte der Klimaforschung dar. Hier der Aufmacher der FAZ:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;"Die Hypothese, dass der Mensch das Klima verändert, brachte die Klimaforschung auf den Gedanken, der Menschheit notwendige Verhaltensveränderungen vorschreiben zu wollen. Ein kritischer Rückblick auf den Welterfolg eines Faches". &lt;/blockquote&gt;Dieser Rückblick fällt, wie der &lt;a href="http://www.perlentaucher.de/feuilletons/2011-11-29.html"&gt;perlentaucher &lt;/a&gt;treffend formuliert, "bemerkenswert selbstkritisch" aus und mache deutlich, wie sich "die Klimaforschung in der Falle ihrer gesellschaftlichen Relevanz verheddert". &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Was damit gemeint ist, macht folgendes Zitat deutlich:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;"Die Einbettung von Wissenschaft in einen gesellschaftlichen Kontext  wird zum Gefängnis, wenn die Nützlichkeit der wissenschaftlichen  Ergebnisse für eine &lt;b&gt;bestimmte Politik&lt;/b&gt; in den Vordergrund tritt,  die Angst vor vermeintlichem Missbrauch durch politische Feinde die  Feder führt. Dann werden einige Gedanken&lt;b&gt; inopportun&lt;/b&gt; und a priori unplausibel, aber andere opportun und a priori plausibel."&lt;/blockquote&gt;Aus seiner Zusammenarbeit mit&amp;nbsp; Nico Stehr benennt Hans von Storch den Klimadeterminismus als eine dieser Fallen, in welche die Klimaforschung fast naiv hinein stolperte:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;"Das demokratische System hat nur noch zu vollziehen, und wenn es das nicht tut, dann sind die Leute blöd".&amp;nbsp; &lt;/blockquote&gt;Dass auch Wissenschaft und Wissen kulturellen Faktoren und Praktiken unterliegt, zeigt er mit Verweis auf Ludwig Fleck auf, der 1939 feststellte: "Was Wissen ist, wird von dem jeweiligen kulturellen und sozialen Kontext festgelegt". Ein Beispiel dafür sind die Fallen, die der Zeitgeist auslegt:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;"Aus dem Triumph, dass man Treibhausgase als Ursachen braucht, wurde der Niedergang der Eisbären" &lt;/blockquote&gt;"Dagegen können wir nicht wirklich etwas tun", so von Storch,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;"Aber wir können uns darüber klarwerden, wie dieser soziale Prozess des Wissensschaffens konditioniert wird durch kulturelles Wissen; wir können versuchen, dem Anspruch der Objektivität näherzukommen."&lt;/blockquote&gt;Im weiteren Verlauf sagt von Storch voraus, dass sich eine Arbeitsteilung in der Klimaforschung herauskristallisieren wird:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;"Insofern wird sich die naturwissenschaftliche Klimaforschung auf legitim neugiergetriebene Fragen, etwas zur Erdgeschichte, fokussieren, während eine de facto ingenieurwissenschaftliche Richtung sich auf klimatechnische Fragen kaprizieren wird: Ableitung von Szenarien, Klima-Monitoring, lokale und regionale Anpassung und Kliamsteuerung. Dazu wird sich eine aktive, anwendungsorientierte sozial- und kulturwissenschaftliche Klimaforschung entwickeln." &lt;/blockquote&gt;Die weitere Entwicklung des Klimawandels und die Fähigkeit der Gesellschaften damit umzugehen sieht Hans von Storch verhalten&amp;nbsp; optimistisch. Aber natürlich ist auch er gefangen in einem "jeweiligen kulturellen und sozialen Kontext".&amp;nbsp; Den er allerdings am Beispiel der Sozialgeschichte der naturwissenschaftlichen Leistungen von Klaus Hasselmann, der Geschichte des MPI für Meteorologie in Hamburg&amp;nbsp; und seiner eigenen Karriere als Klimaforscher bemerkenswert offen darlegt. Für Anhänger der klimazwiebel lohnt sich heute auf jeden Fall der Gang an den Zeitungskiosk!&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-5947958321244259693?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/5947958321244259693/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=5947958321244259693&amp;isPopup=true' title='27 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/5947958321244259693'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/5947958321244259693'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/11/hvstorch-vortrag-zum-80-geburtstag-von.html' title='Hans von Storch: Vortrag zum 80. Geburtstag von Klaus Hasselmann'/><author><name>Werner Krauss</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15094636819952421339</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>27</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-357771979675828011</id><published>2011-11-28T11:38:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2011-11-28T11:38:24.543+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Reinhard Böhm surveys visitors of ZAMG</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="62" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-DIHO-KeWBzw/TtNekT68_UI/AAAAAAAAAX0/c08NouSq8w8/s320/zamg.jpg" width="162" /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Reinhard Böhm of the &lt;a href="http://www.zamg.ac.at/"&gt;Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geophysik&lt;/a&gt; (ZAMG) in Vienna, i.e., the Austrian weather service, has used "our" survey (cf. previous applications: &lt;a href="http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/07/neue-ad-hoc-umfrage.html"&gt;http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/07/neue-ad-hoc-umfrage.html&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/06/ad-hoc-umfrage-unter-kreuzfahrt.html"&gt;http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/06/ad-hoc-umfrage-unter-kreuzfahrt.html&lt;/a&gt;) to learn something about the views held by the visitors on their "open day" on October 1, 2012. Results are available here &lt;a href="http://www.zamg.ac.at/klima/Klimawandel/Aktuelles/2011/2011-10-13.php"&gt;http://www.zamg.ac.at/klima/Klimawandel/Aktuelles/2011/2011-10-13.php&lt;/a&gt; (in German). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;About 2000 visitors showed up; 214 filled in the survey; of these about 80% ticked off "interested citizens", less than 10% considered themselves "academics close to climate science". About 45% considered themselves "skeptics", which went along with more than 90% supporting the view that climate is presently changing (anthropogenic or natural); less than 10% attributed natural causes as main driver behind the warming, about 45% both natural and anthropogenic factors, and a little more than 50% mostly anthropogenic factors. Thus the attribute "skeptic" seems not to imply that the explanation, according to which the elevated levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases would play a significant role in the warming, is false, but that this effect would not be dominant.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Again, the respondents hardly recommended a political "wait and see" attitude, but pointed towards volunteer or enforced reductions of emissions as well as adaptation measures.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By and large, the results are rather similar to those obtained from a &lt;a href="http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/06/ad-hoc-umfrage-unter-kreuzfahrt.html"&gt;much smaller sample of a cruise ship audience&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-357771979675828011?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/357771979675828011/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=357771979675828011&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/357771979675828011'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/357771979675828011'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/11/reinhard-bohm-surveys-visitors-of-zamg.html' title='Reinhard Böhm surveys visitors of ZAMG'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-DIHO-KeWBzw/TtNekT68_UI/AAAAAAAAAX0/c08NouSq8w8/s72-c/zamg.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-961042133443889567</id><published>2011-11-27T13:06:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2011-11-27T13:06:52.891+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Interview von Storch'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Focus-Online Sanktjohanser'/><title type='text'>Interview Focus-Online von Angelika Sanktjohanser am 23. November 2011</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img align="left" border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pj3jvUTav-g/TtIlYVxiHRI/AAAAAAAAAXg/Bt_KXE4pVxw/s1600/focus-online.jpg" /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Am 23. November 2011 stellte Focus-Online das Interview von Anglika Sanktjohanser "&lt;a href="http://www.focus.de/wissen/wissenschaft/klima/weltklimakonferenz_2011/tid-24261/extremwetterbericht-wie-schlimm-es-wirklich-kommen-wird_aid_686626.html" target="top"&gt;Extremwetterbericht. Wie schlimm es wirklich kommen wird&lt;/a&gt;" mit Hans von Storch online aus Anlaß der Veröffentlichung des &lt;a href="http://www.ipcc.ch/news_and_events/docs/ipcc34/SREX_FD_SPM_final.pdf" target="top"&gt;Summaries for Policymakers&lt;/a&gt; des IPCC SREX Berichts. Die Arbeit mit Frau Sanktjohanser war tadellos und professionell; ich  drucke hier meinen Input im Original ihm Einvernehmen mit Frau  Sanktjohanser ab.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Das Interview wurde schriftlich via e-mail geführt. Zum Zeitpunkt dieser Nachfrage war das Summary for Policymakers gerade eben erschienen. Insofern beruhen meine Antworten in Bezug auf SREX auf der Kenntnis der Pressemitteilung und einem  kursorischen Durchgang des SPMs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Binnen zwei Tagen ist das Interview über 100,000 mal angeklickt worden.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Aus Ihrer Sicht: gibt es eine Häufung von Extremwetterereignissen in den letzten Jahren und wenn ja, ist diese eindeutig auf die Erderwärmung zurückzuführen?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Eindeutig? Die Erderwärmung ist eindeutig, sie ist höchst unplausibel im Rahmen der natürlichen Klimaschwankungen, und wir können Sie ohne die wesentliche Rolle der erhöhten Treibhausgaskonzentrationen nicht erklären. Aber die Wirkung auf diverse Extreme wie Hitzewellen, Sturmfluten und dergleichen – ob die wirklich gehäuft auftreten, oder wir nur konfrontiert sind mit einer erheblich aufmerksameren öffentlichen Wahrnehmung, wird sich erst später zeigen. Dass aber einige Extremereignisse wie Hitzewellen und Starkniederschläge zugenommen haben, das ist schon plausibel. Bei unseren heimischen&amp;nbsp; Stürmen sehen wir keine ungewöhnlichen Änderungen, und die Erhöhung der Sturmfluten in Hamburg in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten hat zumeist andere Gründe als den Klimawandel.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gut ist, dass das summarische Gerade von der Zunahme „der Extremereignisse“ vom SREX Bericht zurückgewiesen wird; einige nehmen vielleicht zu, werden plausiblerweise in Zukunft weiter zunehmen, andere nicht. Gleichzeitig tragen andere regionale Faktoren zu Veränderung von Risiken bei, wie etwa das Absinken vieler Deltas mit Megastädten in der Welt.&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Wie zuverlässig sind die Prognosen, die sagen, es werde bis zum Ende des Jahrhunderts immer mehr extreme Wetterbedingungen wie Dürren, Überschwemmungen und Sturmfluten geben?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Es sind ja nicht wirklich Prognosen, sondern Szenarien, die plausiblerweise eintreten können, wenn die Treibhausgase wie antizipiert deutlich ansteigen. Ich persönlich denke, dass eine Zunahme von Dürren, Überschwemmungen und auch Sturmfluten plausibel ist. Frage ist natürlich wie stark. Hier gibt es sicher erhebliche Unterschiede in der Auffassung, und die Zusammenfassung des SREX Berichts macht den alten Fehler, dass man sich davor drückt auszusprechen, welches denn die zentralen Auffassungsunterschiede in der wissenschaftlichen Gemeinschaft sind. Vielmehr wird wieder so getan, als gäbe es nicht nur einen breiten Grundkonsens zur Tatsache der Erderwärmung und der Plausibilität der menschgemachten Ursache, sondern auch in allen anderen Fragen. In Einzelfragen gibt es erhebliche Unterschiede, etwa im Hinblick auf die gegenwärtige Veränderung der tropischen Stürme und des Anstiegs des Meeresspiegels.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Inwieweit muss man bei diesen Prognosen zwischen Industrie- und Entwicklungsländern unterscheiden?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Was die klimatischen Folgen betrifft, so muß man sicher unterscheiden zwischen tropischen und extratropischen Ländern, einfach weil das Wetter, dessen sich ändernde Statistik ja das Klima ist, in den Tropen dynamisch anders funktioniert als unser Wetter oder gar das polare Wetter. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Etwas anderes ist die Frage, wie die Chancen einer erfolgreichen Anpassung an die Risiken des gegenwärtigen Klima und des zukünftigen Klimas gelingt; dies hat mit staatlicher Organisation und Wirtschaftskraft zu tun, und da muß man sicher unterscheiden zwischen voll entwickelten und sich entwickelnden Gesellschaften. Für die Länder der Dritten Welt ist dies viel schwierigere, obwohl man auf große Erfolge verweisen kann, etwa den Katastrophenschutz in Bangladesch im Falle von Sturmfluten, die früher Hunderttausende von Opfern forderten und heute „nur“ noch Tausende.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Offenbar werden zum Beispiel die Alpengletscher tatsächlich immer kleiner. Ein Effekt des Klimawandels? Und wie schätzen Sie die Prognosen für Schneesicherheit ein?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ich komme aus Nordfriesland und beschäftige mich mit Fragen der Küsten dieser Welt … sie werden verstehen, dass mir Ihre Frage nicht liegt; bitte jemand fragen, der davon mehr versteht.&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Der Extremwetterbericht der IPCC sagt für die Mittelmeerregion und Mitteleuropa mehr Trockenheit, sogar Dürren voraus. Was bedeutet das für unsere Nahrungsmittelversorgung und unsere Gesundheit? &lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Das kann schon sein, dass sich die Situation so entwickeln wird; die Situation wird im Mittelmeerraum kritischer sein als „bei uns“, denn unsere heimischen Stürme wird es weiter geben, einfach weil wir stromab von der großen Feuchtigkeitsquelle des Atlantik zu liegen kommen. In Mitteleuropa sollten wir damit umgehen können, erwarte ich. Bei den gesundheitlichen Folgen sollte man sich überlegen, dass es zwar erheblich wärmer in Marseille als in Hamburg ist, die Menschen deshalb aber nicht systematischer kränker sind im Süden Frankreichs als im Norden Deutschlands.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Halten Sie eine Erhöhung der globalen Durchschnittstemperatur um zwei bis fünf Grad – wie der Report sie prognostiziert - bis 2100 für realistisch?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ja.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ist die Erde dann noch bewohnbar?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ja.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Kollege Rahmstorff sagte am Montag, er halte mittelfristig Temperaturen bis zu 50 Grad Celsius in Deutschland für möglich? Wie beurteilen Sie diese Einschätzung?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Diese Erwartung war schon 2009 von einem anderen prominenten Klimaforscher geäußert worden. Das Norddeutsche Klimabüro hat daraufhin die vorliegenden Szenarien des regionalen Klimawandels durchgesehen, ob dies für Norddeutschland plausibel ist (&lt;a href="http://www.hzg.de/public_relations/press_releases/008574/index_0008574.html.de"&gt;http://www.hzg.de/public_relations/press_releases/008574/index_0008574.html.de&lt;/a&gt;). Demnach sind „Höchstwerte von bis zu 44 Grad Celsius sind hier am Ende des 21. Jahrhunderts möglich“ für die Hamburger Metropolregion.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Worauf basieren Ihrer Meinung nach die unterschiedlichen Einschätzungen der Klimaentwicklung, wie sie auch in verschiedenen - durchaus seriösen Studien - sichtbar werden. Ist das auch eine Frage des ideologischen Unterbaus?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wissenschaftler stehen wie alle anderen Menschen unter dem Einfluß ihres „kulturellen Rucksacks“, und ein Element unseres westlichen Weltbildes ist, dass die Natur uns mittels Extremereignissen signalisiert, wenn wir uns gegen die Natur versündigen. Die Wirkung solcher Vorstellungen ist, dass man, auch als Wissenschaftler, mehr Beweise verlangt, wenn sie einer solchen Grundvorstellung widersprechen. Andererseits ist man sicher unkritischer, wenn erste Ergebnisse konsistent sind mit dem, was man für kulturell richtig hält.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Zwei nachgeschobene Fragen:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Mein Eindruck ist, dass sich die Aussagen über die Zunahme der Extremwetterereignisse in dem neuen IPCC-Bericht gegenüber dem letzten plötzlich abschwächen. Würden Sie das bestätigen und wenn ja, haben Sie eine Erklärung?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ja, da ist eine Abschwächung in SREX gegenüber AR4, gerade was Hurrikane angeht. Ein Grund mag sein, dass als wesentliches Argument ein Bericht der WMO von 2010 in die Einschäützung einging, die wesentlich balancierter als der Beitrag in AR4 war; das mag auch damit zusammenhängen, dass die Authorengruppe jetzt auch anders als die AR4-Gruppe zusammengesetzt wurde.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Wie sinnvoll sind derartige Prognosen bzw. was taugen die Modelle, die für die Einschätzung der Ab- oder Zunahme von Extremereignissen genutzt werden?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Das hängt davon ab, welche Extremereignisse wir meinen. Den Modellen würde ich nicht viel zutrauen, wenn es um Hagel geht. Andererseits traue ich den Modellen schon zu, nordatlantische Stürme gut darzustellen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-961042133443889567?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/961042133443889567/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=961042133443889567&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/961042133443889567'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/961042133443889567'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/11/interview-focus-online-von-angelika.html' title='Interview Focus-Online von Angelika Sanktjohanser am 23. November 2011'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-pj3jvUTav-g/TtIlYVxiHRI/AAAAAAAAAXg/Bt_KXE4pVxw/s72-c/focus-online.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-6384460511258039135</id><published>2011-11-26T17:19:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2011-11-26T17:19:15.214+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Einigkeit über Grönland Eisschmelze</title><content type='html'>In einer Umfrage&amp;nbsp; "&lt;a href="http://www.zeit.de/2011/48/Klimaforscher/seite-1"&gt;Was wir übers Klima Neues wissen&lt;/a&gt;" (Die Zeit) sind sich vier der führenden deutschen KlimaforscherInnen - Karin Lochte, Stefan Rahmstorf, Jochen Marotzke und Hans von Storch - erstaunlich einig: Die Erde erwärmt sich, die Pole schmelzen, der Meeresspiegel steigt. Nuancen inbegiffen, je nach Fachrichtung hauptsächlich. Eine erstaunliche Klarheit in den Aussagen.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-6384460511258039135?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/6384460511258039135/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=6384460511258039135&amp;isPopup=true' title='5 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/6384460511258039135'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/6384460511258039135'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/11/einigkeit-uber-gronland-eisschmelze.html' title='Einigkeit über Grönland Eisschmelze'/><author><name>Werner Krauss</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15094636819952421339</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>5</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-1907830198054370167</id><published>2011-11-26T17:00:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2011-11-26T17:57:17.678+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='skeptogenesis'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='survey'/><title type='text'>Skeptogenesis - planned survey</title><content type='html'>Some times ago, we had a &lt;a href="http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2010/10/rob-maris-survey-among-skeptics.html"&gt;survey among climate skeptics&lt;/a&gt; about their opinions and about how they became skeptics. We (Rob Maris and myself) intend to repeat this survey, in principle similar to the old survey, but with improved (more accurate) questions. If somebody wants to help distributing the word about the survey, please let us know (hvonstorch@web.de). Also other comments are welcome.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We may be able to run the survey early next year.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-1907830198054370167?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/1907830198054370167/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=1907830198054370167&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/1907830198054370167'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/1907830198054370167'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/11/skeptogenesis-planned-survey.html' title='Skeptogenesis - planned survey'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-5097119962598455575</id><published>2011-11-26T15:21:00.012+01:00</published><updated>2011-11-27T18:46:06.090+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Komen Dutch'/><title type='text'>Gerbrand Komen:  Klimaatmodellen, onzekerheid en vertrouwen /modified</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;The following contribution is in Dutch, and we are publishing it (with Dr. Komen's consent) here to allow for a glimpse how the issues we discuss on Klimazwiebel are thought of in other countries, i.e., in other cultures. To be sure institutions like KNMI and names like Komen and van der Sluijs are well known and highly respected in the international scientific community. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For those of you who want to comment in Dutch, please feel free to do so.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;On 27 November, an explanation of the context was added at the end of this entry. &lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2&gt;Klimaatmodellen, onzekerheid en vertrouwen&lt;/h2&gt;Posted on 25 november 2011 on &lt;a href="http://wetenschappelijkemodellen.wordpress.com/"&gt;Wetenschappelijke modellen&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bijdrage door Prof. Dr. &lt;b&gt;Gerbrand Komen&lt;/b&gt;, voormalig Hoofd Klimaat Onderzoek en Seismologie van het KNMI.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;Klimaatmodellering is serieuze wetenschap&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Er is veel energie gestoken in de ontwikkeling, diagnose en de validatie van klimaatmodellen. Daarbij kon men bouwen op kennis die eerder ontwikkeld was o.a. ten behoeve van de weersverwachting. Dit heeft er wellicht toe bij gedragen dat er bij het modelleren van het klimaat een voorsprong lijkt te zijn op de modellering van andere complexe systemen zoals biologische en sociaal/economische systemen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Het verkennen van complexe systemen en het opzoeken van de grenzen van begrijpbaarheid en voorspelbaarheid is een spannend wetenschappelijk avontuur. Henk Tennekes, een van mijn voorgangers op het KNMI, was een van de eersten die daar – in de tachtiger jaren al – de aandacht op vestigde. Intussen zijn we een heel stuk verder. Er is beter inzicht in de beperkingen die bij het modelleren een rol spelen: de afbakening van het systeem, de kwaliteit van de parametrisaties, beschikbaarheid en kwaliteit van geschikte waarnemingen, het probleem van de kleine schalen, etc., en men heeft onderscheid leren maken tussen verschijnselen die goed, minder goed of helemaal niet gesimuleerd kunnen worden. Tijdens de themabijeenkomst over wetenschappelijke modellen die de KNAW op 20 juni 2011 organiseerde heb ik geprobeerd dit toe te lichten.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Je kunt klimaatmodellen niet ‘bewijzen’&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tijdens diezelfde bijeenkomst ging Joel Katzav nader in op de problemen die komen kijken bij de beoordeling van modellen. Daarbij werd onder meer verwezen naar Sir Karl Popper die het begrip &lt;i&gt;degree of corroboration &lt;/i&gt;introduceerde, en werd gepleit voor een &lt;i&gt;Severe Testing Approach&lt;/i&gt;. Ik wil daar enkele kanttekeningen bij maken.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Veel in het kader van de verschillende &lt;a href="http://cmip-pcmdi.llnl.gov/cmip5/"&gt;CMIP&lt;/a&gt; projecten uitgevoerde testen hebben al het karakter van een severe test.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Je moet je wel steeds bewust zijn van de pretenties van een model. Voorbeeld: je kunt niet verwachten dat een mondiaal model de convectieve neerslag in Nederland beschrijft. Daar moet je dan ook niet op testen. Het is op voorhand evident dat zo’n test niet succesvol kan zijn.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; Wat je ook test, modellen van complexe systemen zijn niet te ‘bewijzen’.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;Vooral dat laatste wordt niet door iedereen geapprecieerd. Fysicus Richard Feynman (geciteerd door &lt;a href="http://judithcurry.com/"&gt;Judith Curry&lt;/a&gt;) zei het zo: “Scientific knowledge is a body of statements of varying degrees of certainty — some most unsure, some nearly sure, but none absolutely certain.” Dit geldt voor alle wetenschappelijk kennis, en zeker ook voor onze kennis van complexe systemen. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Vertrouwen in klimaatmodellen is deels subjectief&lt;/b&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Als je de modellen niet kunt bewijzen waarom zou je hun resultaten dan gebruiken? Antwoord: omdat je op een of andere manier vertrouwen hebt in het nut. Als het KNMI regen voorspelt kun je daar nuttig gebruik van maken als je moet besluiten of je wel of niet een paraplu mee wilt nemen. Je hebt (enig) vertrouwen in die verwachtingen, omdat het KNMI in het verleden bewezen heeft kwaliteit te leveren. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bij klimaatmodellen ligt dat wat ingewikkelder. Er zijn twee belangrijke toepassingen van het klimaatonderzoek die grote maatschappelijke implicaties hebben, nl de attributie van waargenomen veranderingen aan menselijk handelen, en verkenningen van mogelijke toekomstige ontwikkelingen. In beide gevallen is het gebruik van klimaatmodellen essentieel. Waarom zou je de resultaten van die modellen vertrouwen? Het maatschappelijk debat bewijst wel dat dit geen academische vraag is. Het IPCC spreekt van considerable confidence, terwijl anderen juist weinig vertrouwen hebben. Kennelijk heeft het vertrouwen in modellen een subjectief element, al dan niet cultureel bepaald. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Het onzekerheidsmonster&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Om te begrijpen wat er aan de hand is, is het goed om te kijken naar de wijze waarop men modelonzekerheden probeert te beschrijven.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Klimaatonderzoekers ontlenen vertrouwen aan het vermogen van hun modellen om waarnemingen te simuleren. Dit vermogen kan goed gekwantificeerd worden met behulp van statistische technieken, en levert dus harde getallen. En die worden dan ook vaak gecommuniceerd. Daarbij mag men echter niet vergeten dat er ook sprake is van onderliggende subjectieve keuzes: de keuze van de te vergelijken grootheden, de gewichten die men daaraan toekent, en kwaliteitscontrole bij de selectie van data.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Onzekerheden in modelverwachtingen kan men kwantificeren door modellen onderling te vergelijken of door te kijken naar het effect van parameter-perturbaties. De verschillen die daarbij naar voren komen zijn een maat voor de onzekerheid. Grote verschillen impliceren grote onzekerheid. Omdraaien mag natuurlijk niet: je kunt niet zeggen dat de onzekerheid klein is als de resultaten van verschillende modellen goed overeenstemmen, of ongevoelig zijn voor parameterwaarden. Het is immers denkbaar dat alle beschouwde modellen een structurele imperfectie hebben.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Monsterbezwering&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;Jeroen van der Sluijs heeft in dit verband het begrip onzekerheidsmonster ingevoerd (geïnspireerd door Martijntje Smits, en inmiddels overgenomen door bv Judith Curry). In zijn artikel uit 2005 onderscheidt van der Sluijs verschillende manieren waarop met dit monster omgegaan wordt, zoals ontkenning, vereenvoudiging en ‘assimilatie’.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Het IPCC heeft geprobeerd, en probeert nog steeds, om het monster te temmen door het hanteren van strakke en verstandige richtlijnen voor de communicatie van onzekerheden. Prijzenswaardig, maar lastig in de praktijk. Zo noemt het recente IPCC 'Special Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation' het ‘zeer waarschijnlijk [90‑100 % kans] dat hittegolven in lengte, aantal en intensiteit op de meeste plaatsen (boven land) zullen toenemen’. Het percentage suggereert een mate van exactheid die er m.i. niet is, omdat het niet expliciet maakt dat de bewering gebaseerd is op het vertrouwen dat de auteurs in klimaatmodellen hebben.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hoe nu verder? Van der Sluijs heeft, bouwend op eerder werk van Funtowicz en Ravetz, al in 2005 een mogelijke weg aangegeven onder de noemer ‘assimilatie’: eerlijk, open en transparant zijn over onzekerheid en onwetendheid, en ruimte geven voor wat wel extended peer review genoemd wordt, dat is een proces waarbij voor de bepaling van de kwaliteit van onderzoek belanghebbende individuen en groepen worden ingeschakeld die niet zelf bij het onderzoek betrokken zijn. Dat eerste lijkt me van evident belang. Over het tweede valt nog heel wat te zeggen (zie bv Hanekamp, 2010; en de &lt;a href="http://wattsupwiththat.com/2010/03/15/response-to-ravetz-and-post-normal-science/"&gt;discussie op 'Watts Up With That?'&lt;/a&gt;). Hier ontbreekt de ruimte om daar verder op in te gaan. Maar misschien is het iets voor later?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Vertrouwen in de wetenschap&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Waardering van klimaatmodellen is een ding, waardering voor de wetenschap is nog iets anders. Die waardering is een kostbaar goed. Von Storch spreekt in dit verband van ‘kapitaal’ dat je kunt vergroten, maar ook vernietigen. Helaas is het vertrouwen in de klimaatwetenschap niet meer vanzelfsprekend, getuige de reacties op bijvoorbeeld &lt;a href="http://www.climategate.nl/"&gt;climategate.nl&lt;/a&gt;. Het is daarom belangrijk dat we nagaan wat er moet gebeuren om dat vertrouwen te verbeteren. Betere communicatie over onzekerheden hoort daar zeker bij.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Verder lezen&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;Curry, J.A. en P.J. Webster, 2011: Climate Science and the Uncertainty Monster. BAMS online.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Feynman, R., 1988: What Do You Care What Other People Think? W.W. Norton, 255 pp.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Funtowicz, S. en J. Ravetz, 1993: Science for the Post-Normal age. Futures, 25(7), 735–755.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Hanekamp, Jaap, 2010: &lt;a href="http://climategate.nl/2010/03/04/post-normale-wetenschap-als-oplossing-voor-climategate-%e2%80%93-de-gedroomde-werkelijkheid-van-jerome-ravetz/"&gt;De gedroomde werkelijkheid van Jerome Ravetz&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Hegerl, Gabriele en Francis Zwiers, 2011: Use of models in detection and attribution of climate change. WIREs Climate Change Volume 2, 570- 591.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;IPCC, 2011: Summary for Policymakers of the Special Report on Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Katzav Joel, Henk A. Dijkstra en A. T. J. (Jos) de Laat, 2011: Assessing climate model projections: state of the art&amp;gt;and philosophical reflections. Under review, Rev. of Geoph., 2011.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Labohm, Hans en Theo de Vries, 2011: Klimaatmodellen en hun tekortkomingen. Liberaal Reveil, september 2011.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Mastrandrea, M.D., C.B. Field, T.F. Stocker, O. Edenhofer, K.L. Ebi, D.J. Frame, H. Held, E. Kriegler, K.J. Mach, P.R.Matschoss, G.-K. Plattner, G.W. Yohe, and F.W. Zwiers, 2010: Guidance Note for Lead Authors of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report on Consistent Treatment of Uncertainties. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Swart, R., L. Bernstein, M. Ha-Duong and A.C. Petersen, 2009: Agreeing to disagree: Uncertainty management in assessingclimate change, impacts and responses by the IPCC. Climatic Change 92, 1–29.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Tennekes, H., 1990: A Sideways Look at Climate Research. Weather 45, 67-68; 1996: An Ecological Grammar forMeteorologists. Weather 51, 326-328.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Van der Sluijs, J., 2005: Uncertainty as a monster in the science-policy interface: four coping strategies. Water Science &amp;amp; Technology, 52, 87-92.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;von Storch, H., 2011: &lt;a href="http://coast.gkss.de/staff/storch/pdf/kap9-Storch.pdf"&gt;Climate science, IPCC, postnormality and the crisis of trust&lt;/a&gt;. In: N. Roll-Hansen, 2011: Status i klimaforskningen. Kunnskap og usikkerhet, vitenskapelige og politiske utforderinger, Det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi, Novus forlag – Oslo, 151-182.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; von Storch, H., A. Bunde en N. Stehr, 2011: The Physical Sciences and Climate Politics In J.S. Dyzek, D. Schlosberg, and R. B. Norgaard (eds): The Oxford Handbook of Climate Change and Society. Oxford University Press. Oxford UK, 113-128.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;---------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Backgorund information on context&lt;/b&gt; by&lt;br /&gt;the auhtor Gerbrand Komen (&lt;a href="http://home.kpn.nl/g.j.komen"&gt;http://home.kpn.nl/g.j.komen&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Here is some background information on my recent blog &lt;a href="http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/11/gerbrand-komen-klimaatmodellen.html#more"&gt;Klimaatmodellen, onzekerheid en vertrouwen&lt;/a&gt;. (Climate models, uncertainty and trust). It was written for domestic use, so I apologize for it being in Dutch. Let me translate the headings to give you some flavour of its contents:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt; Climate modelling is serious science&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; You can’t ‘prove’ climate models&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; Confidence in climate models is subjective in part&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; The uncertainty monster&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; Taming the monster&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; Trust in Science&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;My contribution was solicited by Prof. Henk Dijkstra, Utrecht University, as follow-up to a &lt;a href="http://www.knaw.nl/Pages/DEF/29/354.bGFuZz1OTA.html"&gt;meeting&lt;/a&gt; on Scientific Modelling, which he organized for the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW). This meeting, which was attended by Robbert Dijkgraaf, president of KNAW, discussed scientific modelling from different perspectives: physics, economy, climate science, epidemiology, social systems, and philosophy. The lectures can be found &lt;a href="http://wetenschappelijkemodellen.wordpress.com/beeld-geluid/"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;. This same site was also set up to provide a forum for further discussion, and my contribution originally appeared &lt;a href="http://wetenschappelijkemodellen.wordpress.com/2011/11/25/klimaatmodellen-onzekerheid-en-vertrouwen/"&gt;there&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;These activities demonstrate the willingness of KNAW to take part in the climate change debate. Earlier, on 27 April 2010, KNAW organized a discussion meeting with sceptical scientists (“Klimaatverandering. Een klimaatdebat vanuit wetenschappelijk perspectief “ [Climate change. A climate debate from a science perspective]). More recently they published a brochure entitled “&lt;a href="http://www.knaw.nl/smartsite.dws?lang=NL&amp;id=26101&amp;pub=20101047"&gt;Klimaatverandering, Wetenschap en Debat&lt;/a&gt;” [Climate change, Science and Debate]. Robbert Dijkgraaf concludes his preface to this brochure by expressing the hope that it will contribute to taking the discussion on climate change to a level ‘worthy of this important issue’. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We still have to see whether this will be the case. The sceptical site climategate.nl reacted emotionally, but also published a useful list of &lt;a href="http://climategate.nl/2011/10/06/twintig-fouten-in-de-knaw-klimaatbrochure/"&gt;20 errors&lt;/a&gt; in the KNAW brochure and they announced a &lt;a href="http://climategate.nl/2011/11/13/symposium-n-a-v-knaw-klimaatbrochure-ma-12-december/"&gt;special climate seminar&lt;/a&gt; to be held in The Hague on December 12. I sincerely hope this will be a good basis for further discussion. I really believe different actors can learn from each other. We do have a good tradition of tolerance in The Netherlands, so there is some hope.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-5097119962598455575?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/5097119962598455575/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=5097119962598455575&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/5097119962598455575'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/5097119962598455575'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/11/gerbrand-komen-klimaatmodellen.html' title='Gerbrand Komen:  Klimaatmodellen, onzekerheid en vertrouwen /modified'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-6653600469504393527</id><published>2011-11-24T16:35:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2011-11-24T16:35:11.927+01:00</updated><title type='text'>"In der Glaubwürdigkeitsfalle"</title><content type='html'>In &lt;a href="http://www.wissenschaft-online.de/artikel/1128896&amp;amp;_z=859070"&gt;spektrumdirekt&lt;/a&gt; gibt es einen Kommentar von Hans von Storch zum nach wie vor grassierenden Alarmismus auch und gerade innerhalb der Klimawissenschaften. Anlass ist eine Studie der IEA, die Hans von Storch mit einer eindeutigen Aussage kommentiert, um mögliche Missverständnisse an seiner Position zu vermeiden:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;&amp;nbsp;Wenn wir in den nächsten fünf Jahren nicht die Weichen in unserer  Energieversorgung grundlegend umstellen, sinken unsere Chancen gewaltig,  dass wir den menschgemachten Klimawandel auf ein noch erträgliches  Niveau begrenzen. Zu diesem Schluss kommt eine Studie der  Internationalen Energieagentur (IEA). Ich denke, dass dies stimmt! &lt;/blockquote&gt;Im Folgenden kritisiert HvStorch die Fixierung auf das 2 Grad Ziel und das Kohlendioxid als einzige Gefahr für das Klima. Vor allem aber greift er einen für ihn vorherrschenden Alarmismus auch in den Klimawissenschaften an, die zu einer Glaubwürdigkeitskrise und einem gesellschaftlichen Abblocken führt.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dazu führt er bekannte Beispiele vom Waldsterben bis zur Hockeystickkurve an, die seiner Meinung nach nicht nur zu einem Ausverkauf, sondern auch verienfachten Vorstellungen der Problemlösung führen:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;Der im Kern einfache klimadeterministische Ansatz, wonach das Klima und  sein Wandel bestimmen, wie wir leben, was wir tun müssen, ob wir  vermehrt Nierensteine kriegen oder Eisbären aussterben, ist viel zu  simpel. Vielmehr gibt es zahlreiche globale Probleme, die gleichzeitig  und untereinander abgestimmt politisch angegangen werden müssen.&lt;/blockquote&gt;Es sind die Sozial- und Kulturwissenschaften,&amp;nbsp; die seiner Meinung nach nun eine führende Rolle in dieser Debatte übernehmen sollten:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;Die Lösungen haben sehr viel zu tun mit Werten und kulturellen  Vorstellungen, von denen Naturwissenschaftler nicht mehr verstehen als  jeder andere Bürger auch. Was wir brauchen ist eine Neubestimmung  dessen, was die Gesellschaft von der Wissenschaft erwartet – und welches  nützliche und belastbare Wissen die Forschung der Gesellschaft anbieten  kann. Hier sind gerade auch die Sozial- und Geisteswissenschaften  gefordert. &lt;/blockquote&gt;Meiner Meinung nach sind die erste Feststellung - wenn innerhalb der nächsten fünf Jahre nicht was Grundlegendes in der Energieversorgung passiert, siehts zappenduster aus - und diese letzte Bemerkung zentral in diesem Kommentar. &lt;br /&gt;Man könnte ja auch durchaus der Meinung sein, dass die Klimawissenschaften  inzwischen längst genügend belastbares Wissen angeboten haben, um eine andere  Energiepolitik einzuleiten und zu begründen. Von einzelnen Gemeinden auf lokaler Ebene bis hin zu den Klimagipfeln wie nächste Woche in Durban wird ja auf allen Ebenen versucht, umzusteuern. Die Klimawissenschaften könnten sich daher eigentlich auf ihre angestammte Tätigkeit zurück ziehen und ihre Politiksteuerungsversuche etwas zurück nehmen.&lt;br /&gt;Aber weil die Umsteuerung nicht schnell genug klappt, kommt von den Klimawissenschaften oft der Wunsch nach Ratschlägen für ein besseres "social engineering", die allerdings wiederum oft veralteten Vorstellungen davon, wie Gesellschaften funktionieren, entsprechen. Es sind diese oft unbewussten Annahmen von Gesellschaftssteuerung, über die Klimawissenschaftler in oft gut gemeintem Eifer stolpern und die den Prozess eher behindern als befördern.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-6653600469504393527?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/6653600469504393527/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=6653600469504393527&amp;isPopup=true' title='7 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/6653600469504393527'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/6653600469504393527'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/11/in-der-glaubwurdigkeitsfalle.html' title='&quot;In der Glaubwürdigkeitsfalle&quot;'/><author><name>Werner Krauss</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15094636819952421339</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>7</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-680392252250086012</id><published>2011-11-24T01:21:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2011-11-24T01:25:25.864+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Geden Klimapolitik'/><title type='text'>Geden über das Ende der derzeitigen Klimapolitik</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.swp-berlin.org/de/wissenschaftler-detail/profile/oliver_geden.html"&gt;Oliver Geden&lt;/a&gt; schreibt über "Das Ende der Klimapolitik, wie wir sie kannten"  in der Sammlung &lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.swp-berlin.org/de/produkte/swp-studien-de/swp-studien-detail/article/ungeplant_ist_der_normalfall.html"&gt;Ungeplant ist der Normalfall. Zehn Situationen, die politische Aufmerksamkeit verdienen&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; von Volker Perthes und Barbara Lippert der Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik in Berlin .&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-680392252250086012?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/680392252250086012/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=680392252250086012&amp;isPopup=true' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/680392252250086012'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/680392252250086012'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/11/geden-uber-das-ende-der-derzeitigen.html' title='Geden über das Ende der derzeitigen Klimapolitik'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-2634538026469366240</id><published>2011-11-23T02:25:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2011-11-23T14:21:15.153+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Urteil'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Rahmstorf'/><title type='text'>Im Namen des Volkes ...</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Die Zeitschrift WPK, das Magazin der Wissenschafts-Pressekonferenz e.V. berichtet in seiner Ausgabe II/2011 unter der Überschrift &lt;a href="http://www.wpk.org/upload/download/quarterly/WPK-Quarterly%202011%20II.pdf" target="top"&gt;"Unabhängiger Wissenschaftler oder politischer Agitator? Eine Journalistin wehrt sich gegen die Häme von Stefan Rahmstorf"&lt;/a&gt; über eine Klage der Journalistin Irene Meichsner; das Landgericht gab der Klägerin in zwei von drei Punkten recht.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Die Sache nahm ihren Anfang mit einem Artikel in der Frankfurter Rundschau, der von der FR mit Bedauern von dem web-Archiv der Zeitung entfernt wurde. Der Artikel ist aber auch erschienen beim &lt;a href="http://www.ksta.de/html/artikel/1264185820994.shtml"&gt;Kölner Stadtanzeiger&lt;/a&gt;, wo der Artikel weiterhin zu finden ist. Offenbar war der Artikel in der FR von der Redaktion gekürzt worden, ohne dass dies mit Frau Meichsner abgestimmt worden war. Interessanterweise richtete sich der Zorn von Herrn Rahmstorf gerade auch gegen die Überschrift in der FR, die aber gerade nicht von Frau Meichsner kam sondern von der Redaktion - wie jemand, der mit Medien zu tun hat, wissen sollte.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Der WPK-Autor Marcus Lehmkuhl schreibt: &lt;i&gt;Im Namen des Volkes erging am 9. Februar dieses Jahres ein Urteil, das es in sich hat: Der Beklagte wird von der 28. Zivilkammer des Landgerichts Köln verurteilt „es (...) zu unterlassen, den Eindruck zu erwecken,&lt;br /&gt;a) die Klägerin habe vom Blogger Richard North und vom Journalisten Jonathan Leake abgeschrieben;&lt;br /&gt;b) die Klägerin habe dem Beklagten durch die Redaktion der Frankfurter Rundschau die Bitte ausrichten lassen, er solle den Namen der Klägerin aus dem Blogbeitrag des Beklagten ‚FR zieht Artikel gegen den Klimarat zurück’ entfernen und nur die Frankfurter Rundschau nennen.“&lt;br /&gt;Im Übrigen muss der Beklagte der Klägerin 511,58 Euro nebst Zinsen zahlen und zwei Drittel der Kosten des Rechtsstreites übernehmen. Zur Begründung stellt die Kammer fest, dass es sich um unwahre Tatsachenbehauptungen handele, die die Klägerin in ihrem Persönlichkeitsrecht verletzen, „da die objektive Falschdarstellung nicht als wertneutral einzustufen ist“.&lt;br /&gt;Pikant ist dieses Urteil ganz besonders deshalb, weil es sich bei dem Beklagten um den Klimaforscher Stefan Rahmstorf handelt, der in seinem Blog immer wieder falsche Darstellungen in der Berichterstattung scharf kritisiert.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;Das &lt;a href="http://www.klimastorch.de/klimastorch/urteil.rahmstorf-vs.meichsner.pdf" target="top"&gt;Urteil&lt;/a&gt; liegt uns im Vorlaut vor. Es ist rechtkräftig.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Eine Klagepunkt von Frau Meichsner, nämlich die Behauptung, sie habe den "4. Sachstandbericht des IPCC nicht gelesen" wurde als zulässige Meinungsäußerung bewertet; daher gehen die Kosten zu 2 Dritteln an Herrn Rahmstorf und zu 1 Drittel an die Klägerin.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ein interessantes Detail: Herr Rahmstorf tritt mit Adresse PIK, Potsdam auf. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-2634538026469366240?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/2634538026469366240/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=2634538026469366240&amp;isPopup=true' title='4 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/2634538026469366240'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/2634538026469366240'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/11/im-namen-des-volkes.html' title='Im Namen des Volkes ...'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-2149202057344224025</id><published>2011-11-20T15:45:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2011-11-20T15:45:53.057+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Stockholm impressions</title><content type='html'>Since the end of September I am enjoying a sabbatical leave at the &lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/%E2%80%9Dhttp://www.bbcc.su.se/index.php%E2%80%9D"&gt;Bert Bolin Centre for Climate Research at the University of Stockholm&lt;/a&gt;, a very nice city indeed even in autumn and now heading into the Swedish winter.  A few climatic impressions from a Spaniard in the high North...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It has been a quite mild autumn and I could enjoy a fair number of very sunny days, which is in stark contrast with the Hamburg weather. All in all I found it more pleasant, maybe colder but definitively drier. My expectations before moving here were that the Stockholm inhabitants as would be quite insensitive to cold temperatures and that I would instantly be recognized from afar as being too warmly dressed. Far from the reality. My first surprised was that people here are really somewhat obsessed with temperature: already in autumn  they frequently speculate about how the next winter will be, the memory of the hard winter 2010-2011 still lingering. It reminds me about the obsession that Spaniards may show about their own personal predictions for seasonal rainfall. There, winter-spring rainfall is the critical factor, here it seems that winter temperature can strongly modulate how people live, travel,  etc. To my eyes, Stockholm inhabitants also tend to wear too warm clothes. It was not usual to encounter people  in what for me would be full winter gear, hat, gloves, etc, when I was just comfortably wearing my light autumn jacket. Indoor temperatures are clearly set higher than in Germany, although this does not necessarily mean that that the energy consumption is higher as well. The heat insulation ought to be quite good, in my experience. The flat I am leaving in stays warm even if I switched off the heating completely.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sXo_VZ3eKmQ/TskQQ4sTdqI/AAAAAAAAAFM/fvO-GaVdbw4/s1600/smallCIMG2679.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sXo_VZ3eKmQ/TskQQ4sTdqI/AAAAAAAAAFM/fvO-GaVdbw4/s320/smallCIMG2679.JPG" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: xx-small;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;My office is in Geovetenskapens Huset at the University of Stockholm &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A few days ago I visited the Museum for Natural History, located very close to the University. The exhibitions were quite nice, although not mind-boggling. It seemed to me that this Museum has for some reason got stuck in the 80's, and the lack of proper modern multimedia paraphernalia is evident. However, they do have an exhibition about climate change, and of course I was curious how the  general tone and quality of this exhibition was. To my surprise, the climate change exhibition was almost empty, whereas in the neighboring hall the exhibition about evolution was brimming. I found the climate change exhibition rather good, although some parts maybe were a bit too complex for the average citizen. It has its bits of Al-Gore style alarmism, but all in all it was relatively balanced and informative. Not everything shown was climate change impacts, and there were a few nice explanation about the workings of the climate in general. But, as I said, I could not help but have a strange feeling being one of the visitors&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I am also grappling with the Swedish language, trying to understand as much as possible from the written short commercials in the tube or the billboards  in the street - I find oral Swedish really hard to understand, although written the similarities to German and English are obvious.  Our readers may be interested to know which are the words that I first learned because they appear most frequently on those billboards and were the ones that I had to look up first: jobba, arbetet, framtid (future), pengar (money), barn (kid), dator (computer), bil (car), väder  (weather) … and a few  more. Yesterday, I realized that I had not yet seen the Swedish word for 'climate' or climate change outside the university, a very strong contrast to Germany. Outside the university, the first reaction of a person that I am introduced after  inquiring about my job is usually: 'oh, I hope the climate gets warmer, we all here want temperatures to rise'&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-2149202057344224025?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/2149202057344224025/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=2149202057344224025&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/2149202057344224025'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/2149202057344224025'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/11/stockholm-impressions.html' title='Stockholm impressions'/><author><name>eduardo</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/17725131974182980651</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ZfHbCG3yJ9A/TN_i6lqM-kI/AAAAAAAAADU/BVSBSyzQqcg/S220/smalldsc00588.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sXo_VZ3eKmQ/TskQQ4sTdqI/AAAAAAAAAFM/fvO-GaVdbw4/s72-c/smallCIMG2679.JPG' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-9202159157030921878</id><published>2011-11-06T19:37:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2011-11-06T19:37:25.116+01:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Klimaservice'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Anpassung'/><title type='text'>Herausforderung Anpassung</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;Konsensus besteht, dass sich der Klimawandel weiter entfalten wird, und zwar umso stärker, je weniger die Begrenzung der Emissionen bzw. der Emissionszuwächse gelingt. Die derzeitigen Zahlen weisen aber eher nicht auf eine effiziente Begrenzung; vielmehr bewegen sich die Emissionen der letzten Jahre eher an der Obergrenze der für möglich gehaltenen Entwicklungen (vgl. Spiegel online vom 4. November 2011: &lt;a href="http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/natur/0,1518,795806,00.html"&gt;Kohlendioxid-Ausstoß steigt rasanter als je zuvor&lt;/a&gt; ). Dies bedeutet, dass Anpassungsmaßnahmen an den sich entwickelnden Klimawandel erforderlich werden.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Für die Gegenwart ist ein besserer Schutz, bzw. effizienterer Umgang mit bestehenden Klimagefahren herzustellen, so dass gesellschaftliche Systeme resilienter werden, weniger vulnerabel. Für die Zukunft gilt es mit veränderten Gefahren, aber auch Möglichkeiten, umzugehen. Dabei ist die Zeitdimension zu beachten, d.h. die Zeitpunkte des erkennbar veränderten klimatischen Bedingungen bzw. Gefahren, die „normalen“ Modernisierungszyklen, Veränderungen gesellschaftlichen Präferenzen und technologischer Innovationen (vgl. Nutzung der Kernenergie), und die gesellschaftlich/technische Implementierung von Anpassungsmaßnahmen. Für die Abwägung dieser Zeitdimension  eignen sich Szenarienrechnungen über den erwarteten zukünftigen Klimawandel, die somit nicht nur die Art des Wandels sondern eben auch die Zeit des Wandels durchzuspielen erlauben.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Die Art, Notwendigkeit und Möglichkeit von Anpassungen, sowohl von negativen wie auch positiven Veränderungen (etwa Vereisung von kleineren Häfen und Seewegen), ist zu allererst eine Herausforderung für regionale und lokale Planer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Für eine erfolgreiche Planung, einschließlich der dazugehörigen Partizipation gesellschaftlicher Kräfte kann „die“ Wissenschaft wertvolle Rahmenbedingungen setzen. Hier ist die Beschreibung der möglichen Zukünfte in Form von Szenarien zu nennen, aber auch die Bestandsaufnahme des konsensualen sowie des dissensualen Wissens über den Klimawandel (Beispiel: Hamburger Klimabericht oder BACC für den  Ostseeraum); die von verschiedenen gesellschaftlichen Akteuren vorgebrachten oft miteinander konkurrierende Deutungen und ihre kulturelle Verwurzlung in der Gesellschaft sollten erforscht werden, auch um Umdenkprozesse zu erleichtern. Diese und ein paar weitere Aktivitäten können unter dem Stichwort „Regionaler Klimaservice“ zusammengefasst werden (vgl. von Storch, H., I. Meinke, N. Stehr, B. Ratter, W. Krauss, R.A. Pielke jr., R. Grundmann, M. Reckermann and R. Weisse, 2011: &lt;a href="http://coast.hzg.de/staff/storch/pdf/Zfu1-2011.pdf"&gt;Regional Climate Services illustrated with experiences from Northern Europe&lt;/a&gt;. Journal for Environmental Law and Policy 1/2011, 1-15).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ein wesentlicher Gesichtspunkt ist auch die laufende Beobachtung der Veränderungen (Monitoring, etwa des regionalen Meeresspiegels), die Herstellung der Vergleichbarkeit von Beobachtungsdaten über die Zeit, sowie die Abschätzung, inwieweit derzeitig ablaufende Veränderungen konsistent sind mit vergangenen Variationen (&lt;a href="http://coast.hzg.de/staff/storch/pdf/rybski-etal.2006.pdf"&gt;Detektion des Klimawandels&lt;/a&gt;) bzw. mit den in Szenarienrechnungen als möglich beschriebenen zukünftigen Änderungen (&lt;a href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/e14581011q02u64x/"&gt;Konsistenz&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Besonders zu beachten ist die Herstellung der Gesprächsfähigkeit über Wissenschafts- und Kulturgrenzen (NGOs, Verwaltung, Politik, Wissenschaft, Medien, Wirtschaft), wobei wohldefinierte Konzepte ebenso nötig sind wie eine genaue Sprache. Insbesondere undifferenzierte Hinweise auf „den“ Klimawandel sind wenig hilfreich wie auch die &lt;a href="http://coast.hzg.de/staff/storch/pdf/block/0903-sciencecomm-bray.pdf"&gt;Verwendung des Begriffs der „Vorhersage“&lt;/a&gt; für die weitere Zukunft. Zentral auch die Aufgabe, die andauernde Instationarität, die sich laufend weiter entwickelnden Veränderungen gegenüber traditionell stationär gedachten, als wesentliche Eigenschaft in Planungsprozesse einzuweben. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-9202159157030921878?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/9202159157030921878/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=9202159157030921878&amp;isPopup=true' title='8 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/9202159157030921878'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/9202159157030921878'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/11/herausforderung-anpassung.html' title='Herausforderung Anpassung'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>8</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-1308288692502669492</id><published>2011-11-06T15:16:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2011-11-06T15:16:12.808+01:00</updated><title type='text'>How did polar bears survive the Holocene ?</title><content type='html'>In the debate about whether or not past climates have been warmer than the present we have to distinguish between 'detection' of anthropogenic climate change and 'impacts' of climate change. That the Earth's climate 6000 years ago seemed to have been warmer than  now   bears no relevance for the 'detection problem' but I think it is quite important for possible impacts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Has solar radiation any influence on the temperature of the room I am now in ? It sees obvious to every one&amp;nbsp; that it has. It is warmer when it is sunnier and cooler when it is cloudy. However, I could put forward the argument that the solar radiation  has no influence because when I once set up the heating really high, it was warmer than at any other time I can think of. Surely this argument is illogical. If we want to argue whether or not solar radiation has an impact on room temperature we should compare alike with alike situations.This means situations in which the heating was set exactly at the same level.&lt;br /&gt;This is, however, the type of argument that is sometimes used to refute the effect of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere because 'thousand years ago or six thousand  years ago" it was warmer than today. Well, at those times, the 'external heating' was different than today and thus we cannot compare directly both situations. It has to be always underlined that the basic tool, although no the only one,  to&amp;nbsp; detect and attribute climate&amp;nbsp; change is the comparison of  climate  model simulations, in which  models are driven with and without anthropogenic external drivers like CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This being said, the possibility that Earth's climate may have been warmer than today is relevant for the discussion about climate impacts. Continuing with the example of my room, I can indeed argue that the warmer temperatures caused by a stronger solar insolation  may be perhaps not so much damaging for my canary bird because when I had the heating turned on it seemed to feel quite happy.  And this seems to be what happened with polar bears during the Holocene period that started about 10 thousand years ago. Two papers published recently, &lt;a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/333/6043/747.abstract%E2%80%9D"&gt;Funder et al.&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379110003185%E2%80%9D"&gt;Jakobsson et al.&lt;/a&gt;   (with &lt;a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379110003185"&gt;supplementary material&lt;/a&gt;  including an interview with the leading author) have reconstructed the extent of summer sea-ice in the Arctic over most of the Holocene period, and both come to the conclusion that in extended periods of the Mid-Holocene the Arctic ocean was ice-free in summer. This conclusion is interestingly  based on the analysis of ancient wood. Drifting ice in the Arctic ocean transports  wood from the American and Siberian  shorelines to Greenland. The species to which the driftwood belongs is an indicator of its origin. The wood can be also dated by standard radiocarbon methods so that a picture of the evolving sea-ice cover through the Holocene can be reconstructed. The absence of driftwood is thus an indication of ice-free or near ice-free conditions. It turns out that over a period of 2 thousand years, the limit of sea-ice minimum was located about one thousand kilometers to the north of its present position. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Obviously polar bears survived the Holocene. To my knowledge -and I may be ere completely wrong here  - there are no geological records of mass extinctions of Arctic species during the mid-Holocene. This does not say any thing important for or against the influence on climate of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases, but it does say something about the resilience  of ecosystems to climate change&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-1308288692502669492?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/1308288692502669492/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=1308288692502669492&amp;isPopup=true' title='21 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/1308288692502669492'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/1308288692502669492'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/11/how-did-polar-bears-survive-holocene.html' title='How did polar bears survive the Holocene ?'/><author><name>eduardo</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/17725131974182980651</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ZfHbCG3yJ9A/TN_i6lqM-kI/AAAAAAAAADU/BVSBSyzQqcg/S220/smalldsc00588.jpg'/></author><thr:total>21</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-8477621681329935495</id><published>2011-11-05T11:33:00.005+01:00</published><updated>2011-11-05T15:38:40.586+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Climate science, desperate.</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-G-g_VcWuVmk/TrUMmmdSe9I/AAAAAAAABVE/yLFOSgoPCoA/s1600/Event_SamuelBeckettOutoftheArchive_UniversityofYork2011.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="129" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-G-g_VcWuVmk/TrUMmmdSe9I/AAAAAAAABVE/yLFOSgoPCoA/s200/Event_SamuelBeckettOutoftheArchive_UniversityofYork2011.jpg" width="200" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;The latest calculations of the US Department of Energy show a sharp rise in CO2 emissions. In a new &lt;a href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,795978,00.html"&gt;spiegel-online article&lt;/a&gt;, we hear the lament of &lt;a href="http://www.mpimet.mpg.de/en/mitarbeiter/jochem-marotzke/"&gt;Jochem Marotzke&lt;/a&gt;, "Germany's top climate researcher", who is on his way to Berlin, where he will prepare&amp;nbsp; Germany's politicians for the next World Climate Conference in Durban, South Africa. According to the spiegel journalists G. Traufetter and C. Schwägerl,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="tr_bq"&gt;He almost sounds as if his audience of politicians and ministers had never heard of climate change, as though thousands of them hadn't thronged together at more than a dozen World Climate Conferences over the last two decades.&lt;/blockquote&gt;The article contains all elements of a climate narrative, which is all too familiar to us. It comes year after year, season after season, summit after summit, with generations growing up with its fierce imagery. The stage is set, the staff is familiar, the roles never change. Just the numbers presented are higher each performance. Strange thing that we neither can get rid of the problem nor the story. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Again, more alarming numbers; more politicians who have things more important to do than to take care of the climate; another desperate scientist who shows new slides; more illustrations from the spiegel with polar bears, corals, and smoking factories in China; more warnings that there is less time left to reach the 2 degree climate goal; less time to prevent the worst, the tipping points, when the Gulf Stream will collapse, the glaciers will melt, when.... And Jochem Marotzke is the tragic hero of this depressive narrative; he is the desperate scientist who preaches but no one listens; who wanders through an empty world which is already vanishing; just like a modern hero who does not believe in the power of reason anymore but can't help from doing the right thing. Which means presenting more numbers, more slides, more "grim facts", more speaking truth to power.&amp;nbsp; But even this spiegel-online article, which made headline yesterday, can't escape reality: today, you already &lt;a href="http://www.spiegel.de/"&gt;have to scroll down &lt;/a&gt;through politics, economy, society, culture and sports etc to finally find it as third article in the rubric "science". Maybe tomorrow it will be already in the archive - until Durban.&lt;br /&gt;Strangely enough, this is not a theater performance just like Beckett's Endgame or Waiting for Godot; it seems to be the real world.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-8477621681329935495?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/8477621681329935495/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=8477621681329935495&amp;isPopup=true' title='5 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/8477621681329935495'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/8477621681329935495'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/11/science-desperate-world-dissolves.html' title='Climate science, desperate.'/><author><name>Werner Krauss</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15094636819952421339</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-G-g_VcWuVmk/TrUMmmdSe9I/AAAAAAAABVE/yLFOSgoPCoA/s72-c/Event_SamuelBeckettOutoftheArchive_UniversityofYork2011.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>5</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-4682996255826484520</id><published>2011-10-27T16:01:00.003+02:00</published><updated>2011-10-28T11:48:37.071+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Climate change and the financial crisis: what can we learn?</title><content type='html'>&lt;link href="file:///C:%5CWINDOWS%5CTEMP%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"&gt;&lt;/link&gt;&lt;link href="file:///C:%5CWINDOWS%5CTEMP%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"&gt;&lt;/link&gt;&lt;link href="file:///C:%5CWINDOWS%5CTEMP%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"&gt;&lt;/link&gt;&lt;style&gt;&lt;!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:1; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-format:other; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;}@font-face {font-family:"Book Antiqua"; panose-1:2 4 6 2 5 3 5 3 3 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:647 0 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:6.0pt; margin-left:0cm; line-height:150%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; mso-layout-grid-align:none; punctuation-wrap:simple; text-autospace:none; font-size:12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Book Antiqua","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:DE; mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN; font-weight:bold; mso-bidi-font-weight:normal;}p {mso-style-priority:99; mso-margin-top-alt:auto; margin-right:0cm; mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";}.MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;}@page WordSection1 {size:595.3pt 841.9pt; margin:72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt 72.0pt; mso-header-margin:35.4pt; mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; mso-paper-source:0;}div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;}--&gt;&lt;/style&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;In April 2008 I attended a workshop in Berkeley on climate change. Over dinner I had a discussion with a German climate scientist about the magnitude of the problem. I ventured the idea that it would pale in comparison with a (then hypothetical) financial crisis, looking at the the short to medium term effects. He was vehemently opposed to this idea. In the meantime climate change has receded from the headlines and the financial crisis has taken prime attention. Both issues have several things in&amp;nbsp; common, but there are stark contrasts also.&lt;br /&gt;Let me start with the commonalities. Both the financial crisis and climate change are global and require some kind of global intervention, or at least an intervention by resourceful actors who are in a position to make a difference.&lt;br /&gt;Both could jeopardize the well-being of societies in different parts of the world. Both require enormous amounts of money for their management. Both are wicked problems in the sense that we do not have a solution at hand that will solve the uderlying problem once and for all. But I am jumping ahead already.&lt;br /&gt;What are the differences then?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No one talks about the financial crisis in terms that evoke the end of the planet. 'Saving the economy' and 'saving the planet' are differently positioned in the discourse (although Gordon Brown once famously slipped into saying that he not only saved the banks but also the world -- perhaps not too absurd an idea as it was made out to be, see the various Youtube videos).&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;But the end of payments in a global economy based on payments would lead to very, very serious problems of civil unrest, hoarding, looting, violence,&amp;nbsp; etc. Politicians instinctively want to avoid this kind of scare mongering. They are probably scared themselves. Rising sea levels, changed weather patterns, more migration and other climate impacts have been cited as harbingers of global catastrophe, and politicians have been eager to espouse the threats &lt;u&gt;in this case&lt;/u&gt; (this was the point of contention with my interlocutor if my memory serves me well).&lt;br /&gt;Climate scientists (with the help of some politicians) have put climate change on the agenda. They have also framed it in a specific way and identified solutions which are 'science based'.&amp;nbsp; The financial crisis is remarkable for its absence of scientific expertise which is used to justify specific measures, be they 'parachutes', 'firewalls', 'bazookas' or what not (btw: who coins these metaphors?). Still, there are experts about the global economy and financial markets who advise politicians and pronounce in the media, but nothing comparable to what we see in climate policy. I am not saying this is a good or a bad sign. What I want to emphasize is the fact that politicians try to solve a very serious problem through bargaining and arguing, but largely without using science as a tool to stop debate. No one seems to know what the 'rational course of action' would be. Everyone probably wants the ‘least worst’ of alternative policies, one that incurs the lowest risk. But there is no agreement in economics, for example, about the virtues of trying to save the Euro and propping up credibility of the Eurozone compared to the alternative of letting the Euro go.&lt;br /&gt;The political debate about the future of the Euro that we witness currently is pretty opaque as far as the financial instruments are concerned. Very few people (including myself, but probably also many politicians) understand what exactly goes on within these financial markets and how the proposed solutions will work. Of course there are experts actively seeking to influence decision makers, largely behind closed doors. Bankers are the most active and influential in this. They act out of self interest and our only hope is that the interconnectedness of the global financial markets should prevent them from acting in a short-term, self-interested way. But still this remains a hope.&lt;br /&gt;In comparison, with climate change we have very detailed information available, albeit partly contested. No matter how technical the science is, many citizens can see a link between the working of the economy and the impact on the climate. This is the result of 20 years of public discourse on climate change. Also people who are highly critical of this discourse realize that we are in fact discussing the risks of climate change. However, citizens have not been consulted when it comes to solutions. Neither have they in the case of the financial crisis—but here we did not have a period of public discussion.&lt;br /&gt;The former rogue trader Nick Leeson told BBC &lt;a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b016mw21/Newsnight_26_10_2011/"&gt;Newsnight&amp;nbsp;on Nov 26&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(starts at ca 20mins) that the ‘general public needs to empower itself and stop being passive recipients of what the bankers tell them. They need to be part of the equation.’ It is a sign of the times that it takes an inside informant to tell us about the essential weakness of regulations of financial institutions and the leeway any expert trader enjoys. There is no one to control him or her.&lt;br /&gt;So what follows from this comparison? In my view, the limits of science have been highlighted in both cases as has the need for pragmatic, informed decision making. The inclusion of citizens in the process is lacking in both cases. Politicians still think only they can decide on issues of the highest importance. If there is one thing we can learn from the climate change debate it is this: because of the long term impacts we as societies need to be prepared for crises and disruptions. We therefore need to be discursively prepared, without scientists or politicians patronizing us. We need to generate public communication about these issues and keep them going. There is &lt;a href="http://www2.lse.ac.uk/researchAndExpertise/units/mackinder/theHartwellPaper/Home.aspx"&gt;no magic wand&lt;/a&gt; to 'solve' either of these problems. We will need to keep talking, researching and doing things about them. By the time the current financial crisis is over, the next will be in the making.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-4682996255826484520?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/4682996255826484520/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=4682996255826484520&amp;isPopup=true' title='37 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/4682996255826484520'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/4682996255826484520'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/10/climate-and-financial-crisis-what-can.html' title='Climate change and the financial crisis: what can we learn?'/><author><name>Reiner Grundmann</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12759452975366986236</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>37</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-2866632297718466795</id><published>2011-10-18T10:23:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2011-10-18T10:42:07.779+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Praxis Check: Tsunami Messbojen in Indonesien</title><content type='html'>Wir müssen uns an die Folgen des Klimawandels und von Naturkatastrophen anpassen lernen. Dazu brauchen wir exzellente Wissenschaft und eine nahtlose Umsetzung in politisches Handeln. So kennen wir es aus unzähligen Sonntagsreden, so ist es in jedem Institut plakatiert, so werden Forschungsgelder verteilt. "Wissen schafft Nutzen", so die Devise. Ab und an ist es ganz nützlich auch einmal hinzuschauen, wie die Praxis aussieht. Die ARD hat das wohl getan. Dazu ein etwas nachdenklich stimmender &lt;a href="http://www.sueddeutsche.de/wissen/tsunami-warnbojen-in-indonesien-verbeult-und-verrottet-1.1166854"&gt;Artikel von Patrick Illinger&lt;/a&gt; in der Süddeutschen über das Schicksal von Messbojen zur Tsunamiwarnung in Indonesien: Keine der neun Messbojen, die mit 45 Millionen Euro aus Deutschland gefördert wurden, ist dem Bericht zufolge mehr in Betrieb. Das macht aber nichts, aus zwei Gründen: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Sonderlich erschüttert über den Ausfall der Bojen zeigen sich indes  weder Projektleiter Lauterjung noch seine Kollegen am Deutschen  Geoforschungszentrum. Seitdem das &lt;a href="http://www.sueddeutsche.de/thema/Warnsystem"&gt;Warnsystem&lt;/a&gt;  im Jahr 2005 entwickelt wurde, habe man gelernt, dass für Indonesien,  mit Vorwarnzeiten von nur wenigen Minuten, andere Messinstrumente für  Tsunami-Meldungen besser geeignet seien als die Hochseebojen.  Insbesondere mit hochpräzisen GPS-Empfängern, von denen in Indonesien  gut 160 Stück verteilt sind, kann man nach einem Beben feststellen, wie  sich der Ozeanboden verformt&amp;nbsp;hat.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&amp;nbsp;Und zum anderen:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Lauterjung vermutet, dass Fischer die Bojen auch zum Festmachen ihrer  Boote benutzten. Bereits als die Messgeräte in den vergangenen Jahren  nach und nach ausfielen, habe es von indonesischer Seite keine  Bemühungen gegeben, daran etwas zu ändern, so der Experte. "Die gesamte  Infrastruktur ist im März übergeben worden, damit liegt die  Verantwortung nun bei den Indonesiern", sagt Lauterjung. Im  Übergabeprotokoll sei der Zustand der Bojen vermerkt worden, ebenso wie  der Hinweis auf nötige&amp;nbsp;Wartungsmaßnahmen.&lt;/blockquote&gt;&amp;nbsp;Dann ist ja gut. Die Indonesier sind schuld. Oder nicht?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sicherlich ist die Realität viel komplexer, sicherlich sind die Zitate aus dem Kontext gerissen, und sicherlich gibt es viele Projekte, die erfolgreich sind. Dennoch liegt der Verdacht nahe, dass in den Earth System Sciences viele der Fehler wiederholt werden, die in der Entwicklungspolitik von der Entwicklungshilfe bis hin zu EU-Subventionen gemacht wurden.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-2866632297718466795?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/2866632297718466795/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=2866632297718466795&amp;isPopup=true' title='11 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/2866632297718466795'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/2866632297718466795'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/10/praxis-check-tsunami-messbojen-in.html' title='Praxis Check: Tsunami Messbojen in Indonesien'/><author><name>Werner Krauss</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15094636819952421339</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>11</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-9136123432489747060</id><published>2011-10-14T10:09:00.009+02:00</published><updated>2011-10-14T14:22:50.222+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Climate Cultures: sensing weather / climate / change</title><content type='html'>Climate is the statistics of weather. Mean temperatures, global climate models, calculations. The scientific discourse reduces a complex phenomenon to the language of numbers.&amp;nbsp; Complex climate put into little language boxes. It is amazing that there is only little interest in climate change as part of our actual life world. Remote sensing does not substitute senses of place; statistics do not much tell about how it feels to inhabit places inside a fragile climate envelope. This is where poetic scrutiny, close observing, thick description is needed. If climate change is real, we can't reduce reality to yes or no, skeptic or alarmist; instead, we have to acknowledge the complexity of feelings; the ambivalence of emotions; the simultaneity of sensory experience of weather and the weather report; of climate information and talk about heat waves or cold winters. We have to add lived reality to the abstract scientific reality.&lt;br /&gt;In the current edition of &lt;a href="http://www.newyorker.com/fiction/poetry/2011/10/10/111010po_poem_sebald"&gt;The New Yorker&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp; there is a poem by &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._G._Sebald"&gt;W.G. Sebald&lt;/a&gt;, which gives an idea of the difference between remote sensing and sensing weather &amp;amp; climate as an integral part of everyday life. The poem is called &lt;b&gt;October Heat Wave&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;[In the first verse, the poet arrives in New York City:]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From the flyover&lt;br /&gt;that leads down&lt;br /&gt;to the Holland&lt;br /&gt;Tunnel I saw&lt;br /&gt;the red disc&lt;br /&gt;of the sun&lt;br /&gt;rising over the&lt;br /&gt;promised city.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[Manhattan is heating up, and he finds himself in a hotel room, with the TV on:]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By the early&lt;br /&gt;afternoon the&lt;br /&gt;thermometer&lt;br /&gt;reached eighty-&lt;br /&gt;five &amp;amp; a steel&lt;br /&gt;blue haze&lt;br /&gt;hung about the&lt;br /&gt;shimmering towers&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;whilst at the White&lt;br /&gt;House Conference&lt;br /&gt;on Climate the&lt;br /&gt;President listened&lt;br /&gt;to experts talking&lt;br /&gt;about converting&lt;br /&gt;green algae into&lt;br /&gt;clean fuel &amp;amp; I lay&lt;br /&gt;(....)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[In the following verses, he dreams of a river, and he pities a crippled tree in the backyard.&lt;br /&gt;In the evening, he attends a reception, having conversation:]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A young woman&lt;br /&gt;came up to me&lt;br /&gt;&amp;amp; said that al-&lt;br /&gt;though on vacation&lt;br /&gt;she had spent&lt;br /&gt;all day at&lt;br /&gt;the office&lt;br /&gt;which unlike&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;her apartment was&lt;br /&gt;air-conditioned &amp;amp;&lt;br /&gt;as cold as the&lt;br /&gt;morgue. There,&lt;br /&gt;she said, I am&lt;br /&gt;happy like an&lt;br /&gt;opened up oyster&lt;br /&gt;on a bed of ice.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is no difference in scrutiny between poetry and science. It is amazing that climate has left only few traces in what we call "cultural life", except those opinion enforcing manifestations we are used to. I am looking for more examples of explicit cultural expressions of climate change. Olafur Eliásson's weather installations were another example already discussed &lt;a href="http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/07/senses-of-climate.html"&gt;here on klimazwiebel&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-9136123432489747060?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/9136123432489747060/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=9136123432489747060&amp;isPopup=true' title='15 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/9136123432489747060'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/9136123432489747060'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/10/climate-cultures-sensing-weather.html' title='Climate Cultures: sensing weather / climate / change'/><author><name>Werner Krauss</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15094636819952421339</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>15</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-4309572325130225321</id><published>2011-10-09T19:19:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-10-09T19:19:08.495+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Students' risk perceptions, part 2</title><content type='html'>I also asked my students to tell me about their attitudes towards costs of risk regulation, the role of the media, and the role of NGOs. The results are shown over the 12 year period. Very few students think that risks are unavoidable and we cannot do anything about them, that the press exaggerates environmental problems, or that NGOs are a nuisance. An earlier deep green attitude (as indicated by high agreement with the statement that risk should be&amp;nbsp;regulated&amp;nbsp;regardless of costs) &amp;nbsp;has been replaced by a more mainstream/realistic view that risk reduction must be cost-effective. In 2009 there were clashes of opinion between deep greens and more contrarian views.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-JkCmXeQIOw4/TpHWKbx6pEI/AAAAAAAAADI/Hz7a7l1eKCg/s1600/Studnets+risk+perceptio+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-JkCmXeQIOw4/TpHWKbx6pEI/AAAAAAAAADI/Hz7a7l1eKCg/s320/Studnets+risk+perceptio+2.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-4309572325130225321?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/4309572325130225321/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=4309572325130225321&amp;isPopup=true' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/4309572325130225321'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/4309572325130225321'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/10/students-risk-perceptions-part-2.html' title='Students&apos; risk perceptions, part 2'/><author><name>Reiner Grundmann</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12759452975366986236</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-JkCmXeQIOw4/TpHWKbx6pEI/AAAAAAAAADI/Hz7a7l1eKCg/s72-c/Studnets+risk+perceptio+2.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-293072796232976206</id><published>2011-10-08T18:55:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2011-10-10T08:10:48.616+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Eurobarometer'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='survey'/><title type='text'>Eurobarometer studies opinins on climate change in 2011</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;Eurobarometer has surveyed European citizens about their view of climate change and reports about the results in its &lt;a href="http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_372_en.pdf"&gt;Special Eurobarometer 372&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Executive Summary reads:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;Climate change remains a key concern for the European public, and a greater one than when the last special climate survey was conducted in 2009.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Just over half (51%) of respondents consider climate change one of the world's most serious problems (and 20% feel it is the single most serious problem). Overall it is seen as the second most serious issue facing the world, after poverty, hunger and lack of drinking water, and a more serious problem than the economic situation.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Altogether 89% see climate change as a serious problem, with 68% considering it a very serious problem (up from 64% in 2009). On a scale of 1 (least) to 10 (most), Europeans rank the seriousness of climate change at 7.4 (against 7.1 in 2009).&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;There is also a positive view of the economic benefits of tackling climate change – almost eight in ten (78%) respondents agree that it can boost the economy and create jobs, a big increase since 2009 (when 63% agreed). At least two-thirds of respondents in each Member State share this view.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Just over two-thirds (68%) support basing taxation to a greater extent on energy use, with a majority in favour of this in every Member State.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;There is a widespread expectation that Europe will become a climate-friendly, lowcarbon economy by 2050:&lt;br /&gt;- 88% believe Europe will be using more renewable energy&lt;br /&gt;- 87% expect we will be more energy-efficient&lt;br /&gt;- 73% believe that cars will be powered more efficiently.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Tackling climate change is seen as the responsibility mainly of national governments, EU and business. While only one in five respondents (21%) specifically state it is their own responsibility to tackle climate change, a further 23% say everyone (governments, industry and individuals) needs to share responsibility.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; Just over half (53%) of EU citizens say they took some kind of action to combat climate change over the last six months; when prompted with specific actions, however, a higher proportion appear to be actively engaged.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Separating and recycling waste separation is the most common action undertaken, with 66% having done this. Buying fewer disposable items and purchasing local and seasonal produce come next.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-293072796232976206?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/293072796232976206/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=293072796232976206&amp;isPopup=true' title='6 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/293072796232976206'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/293072796232976206'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/10/eurobarometer-studies-opinins-on.html' title='Eurobarometer studies opinins on climate change in 2011'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>6</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-2099948472669082965</id><published>2011-10-07T13:09:00.003+02:00</published><updated>2011-10-07T14:10:51.732+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Journalism, science and rising sea level, part II</title><content type='html'>Some weeks ago, we discussed &lt;a href="http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/07/anstatt-klimarat-feilscht-um-daten-zum.html"&gt;here on klimazwiebel&lt;/a&gt; a spiegel-online article by Alex Bojanowski (&lt;a href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,774706,00.html"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt; the English version). This article has made an astonishing career and is published now in a new version in &lt;a href="http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v4/n10/full/ngeo1280.html"&gt;nature geoscience&lt;/a&gt; (unfortunately hidden behind a paywall). The main message of the article, which is based on a choice of scientific literature, is that there is no scientific consensus on the question of sea level rise. Quite the contrary, he says,&amp;nbsp; there are huge differences in the estimates. According to Mr. Bojanowski, a group of 18 scientists from 10 different countries is commissioned by the IPCC&amp;nbsp; "to  decide which prognoses will be considered in the next United Nations  (UN) climate report." &lt;br /&gt;In my opinion, there are two major points of interest, one concerning the (change of) content, and the other one concerning the specific journalistic perspective. Both are closely interrelated, which makes things really interesting. The articles give a great insight into the blurring boundaries between science, media and the public.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Concerning the changes from the previous (English) &lt;a href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,774706,00.html"&gt;spiegel-online&lt;/a&gt; version to the one in nature geoscience, the following paragraph i of special interest:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;spiegel online&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;The last IPCC report, which was issued in 2007, forecast an ocean level  rise of up to 59 centimeters by the end of the century. Now, the UN  experts must once again sift through hundreds of reports, and the  haggling over their findings is not unlike the bargaining for the best  price at the bazaar. On the one hand, researchers have published  forecasts that are far higher than the result reported in the last IPCC  report. On the other, sea level measurements have yet to prove any  meaningful rise though there is agreement that they are, on global  average, rising. &lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;b&gt;nature geoscience:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;In 2007, the latest IPCC report predicted sea-level rise of up to 59 cm by the end of the century — plus a potential contribution of unknown magnitude from poorly understood ice dynamics in Greenland and Antarctica. Since then, researchers have published alarming sea-level projections that far exceed the range of the 2007 report (for example, Geophys. Res. Lett. 37, L07703; 2010). However, actual measurements of sea level do not back up these projections. So far, scientists have neither observed an extreme rise nor reached a consensus on the question of whether sea level has been going up more quickly in recent years. There is only one certainty: in global average terms, the water is rising&lt;/blockquote&gt;"A potential contribution" was added to the 59cm; the bazaar disappeared; a scientific reference was added, forecasts have turned into projections.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Another noteworthy difference is the complete disappearance of Stefan Rahmstorf in the new nature geoscience version. In the spiegel article, he played the role of the extreme sea-level-rise advocate; in the new one, James Hansen is left alone with a blank 5 meter rise until the end of the century (Hansen's statement was expressed with more caution in the spiegel article). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[On the funny side we can note that our Eduardo Zorita in the first version still correctly worked at the Helmholtz Zentrum; now he is put back to work at the more familiar GKSS&amp;nbsp; -:)]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I am sure that the expert will discover more interesting changes or corrections. As his climate reporting colleagues at spiegel-online, Bojanowski&amp;nbsp; is well read and knows the difference between journalism and science; he added references and tempered his expressive vocabulary (bazaar); on the other hand, the lively discussions on the extended peer-review platforms in the blogosphere (maybe including klimazwiebel?) and discussions at the journalism-science interface such as workshops or conferences (where spiegel journalists quite frequently show up), may have left their traces in the new version.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But for me the even more exciting contribution is a comment by Alex Bojanowski in nature geoscience about "The journalist's take", which is added in an extra box. Here he reflects on his own role and the relation between media, science and the public. After stating that "Climate research is a difficult subject for a journalist", and that the topic usually tends to "generate vigorous debate", he positions himself as a journalist: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;And the difficulties don’t end there. On some key questions, such as future sea-level rise, the scientists just do not know the answer. The worried public expects reliable prognoses nevertheless. The politicization of climate change does not help either. Open public debate of new research is often seriously hampered: for fear of being pigeonholed as ‘sceptics’ or ‘alarmists’, journalists as much as scientists often do not air their criticisms. But of course, asking critical questions is not a sign of malice. From a reporter’s point of view, it is essential to challenge what you hear: it marks the boundary between advertising and journalism.&lt;/blockquote&gt;From here, he names the three basics each student of media studies knows by heart:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;• Relevance: sea-level rise is directly important to many people, not only for coast dwellers but also for everyone whose taxes will be spent on coastal protection.&lt;br /&gt;• Bad news makes ‘good’ news: people want know when danger is looming.&lt;br /&gt;• Status: the UN, the world’s most senior international organization, addresses the question.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So far, so good. I think Alex Bojanowski does here a great job in easily transcending the borders between journalism and science. He reads and quotes relevant scientific literature, while keeping an outsider status at the same time. His narrative frame is the IPCC group of 18 scientists from 10 countries, who will have to make a decision; I admittedly cannot judge how much of this is just made-up for illustration or if this is really the case - isn't the IPCC decision making process more complex in reality? Anyway, the courageous journalist goes into the lion's den, and one can hear almost the grunting of the lions who fight for telling their piece of truth or else....&lt;br /&gt;The blurring of the boundaries takes place from both sides, of course. Scientists have long discovered the role of narrative strategies, too - many of them are omnipresent in the media. Furthermore, the scientific debate is for sure influenced by the public debate, which is channeled by journalists such as Bojanowski.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-2099948472669082965?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/2099948472669082965/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=2099948472669082965&amp;isPopup=true' title='11 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/2099948472669082965'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/2099948472669082965'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/10/journalism-science-and-rising-sea-level.html' title='Journalism, science and rising sea level, part II'/><author><name>Werner Krauss</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15094636819952421339</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>11</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-7144164335670893451</id><published>2011-10-05T18:06:00.003+02:00</published><updated>2011-10-10T21:02:30.144+02:00</updated><title type='text'>My students' perception of risks</title><content type='html'>For more than 10 years I have collected data from my final year students (n~35) who study "Risk, environment and society". They are provided with a list of 11 environmental issues and asked to rank them according to their perceived relevance. I should point out that the survey is done in week one, before any of the topics are taught. Here is the result (no data is available for 2009):&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IdM1182ercw/TpNBNL81gcI/AAAAAAAAADM/_8kga4cAUTQ/s1600/Student+surveys.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IdM1182ercw/TpNBNL81gcI/AAAAAAAAADM/_8kga4cAUTQ/s320/Student+surveys.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Several things are obvious. Top runners have always been ozone depletion, climate change, nuclear accidents and nuclear waste. However, climate change has dropped in this year's class to a level last seen in 2003. Water pollution is on the rise, as is population growth.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-7144164335670893451?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/7144164335670893451/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=7144164335670893451&amp;isPopup=true' title='11 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/7144164335670893451'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/7144164335670893451'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/10/my-students-perception-of-risks.html' title='My students&apos; perception of risks'/><author><name>Reiner Grundmann</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12759452975366986236</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IdM1182ercw/TpNBNL81gcI/AAAAAAAAADM/_8kga4cAUTQ/s72-c/Student+surveys.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>11</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-4399617296147224517</id><published>2011-10-04T23:29:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2011-10-05T09:15:20.790+02:00</updated><title type='text'>A comfortable truth</title><content type='html'>&lt;style type="text/css"&gt; &lt;!--  @page { margin: 2cm }  P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;A new article in &lt;a href="http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v64/i10/p39_s1?bypassSSO=1"&gt;Physics Today&lt;/a&gt; wonders  why the ordinary dummy folk is at pains accepting the theory of anthropogenic climate change, instead of listening to the glorious infallible science. Steven Sherwood argues that many novel scientific theories in the past - other inconvenient truths - were seldom accepted by a recalcitrant folk from the start. It seems to me that the reasons are much more simple. Scientists like Sherwood are unable to accept that reality is not like they would it to be, and I am not  referring precisely to global warming.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;The author is surprised why&amp;nbsp; it is possible that a scientific theory that has been experimentally corroborated many times, like anthropogenic global warming, is still not accepted by a large portions of the ordinary population. The article, unfortunately,&amp;nbsp; does not explicitly&amp;nbsp; explore the reasons&amp;nbsp; why this could be so, but it&amp;nbsp; transpires&amp;nbsp; Sherwood suspects&amp;nbsp; that a 'science backlash' is under way. Scientist should be prepared and improve their 'communication of science' : 'A first step toward better public communication of science, and the reason we need it, may lie in recognizing why the backlash happens: the frailty of human reason and supremacy of emotional concerns that we humans all share but do not always acknowledge. '&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This seems to me a very non-critical&amp;nbsp; mindset. What is causing the science backlash ? No one is explicitly blamed but I would assume that the author is thinking of the US Republicans, the oil industry, or both. Sherwood spares no single word to&amp;nbsp; ask himself whether the science community may perhaps, eventually, probably have incurred&amp;nbsp; some errors, overseen uncertainties, announced wrong predictions, etc. When others can be blamed, why think about our own deficiencies ?&amp;nbsp; How unscientific.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-4399617296147224517?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/4399617296147224517/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=4399617296147224517&amp;isPopup=true' title='53 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/4399617296147224517'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/4399617296147224517'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/10/confortable-truth.html' title='A comfortable truth'/><author><name>eduardo</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/17725131974182980651</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ZfHbCG3yJ9A/TN_i6lqM-kI/AAAAAAAAADU/BVSBSyzQqcg/S220/smalldsc00588.jpg'/></author><thr:total>53</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-2059635636336347069</id><published>2011-09-30T11:38:00.006+02:00</published><updated>2011-09-30T11:52:53.876+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Postenvironmental dilemma, II</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-TrmFOWS1buw/ToWMp308DFI/AAAAAAAABUk/nxggIGFJDAU/s1600/pajero.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="172" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-TrmFOWS1buw/ToWMp308DFI/AAAAAAAABUk/nxggIGFJDAU/s200/pajero.jpg" width="200" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;The Indian author, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siddhartha_Deb"&gt;Siddharta Deb&lt;/a&gt;, has an interesting op-ed piece in the New York Times, "&lt;a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/30/opinion/behind-the-wheel-moving-up.html?ref=opinion"&gt;Behind the Wheel, Moving Up&lt;/a&gt;". This piece addresses another environmentalist dilemma, which is the drive for upward mobility in developing countries.&amp;nbsp; The main role in Siddharta Deb's short story is a Mitsubishi SUV, Red Panjero. The protagonist , J, gets divorced from his wife because he does not fulfil his marital duties, which are, of course, making the family part of middle class. He only owned an old Ford:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;But perhaps there is no such thing as just a car for aspirers. J  certainly seemed to think so that evening as he told us the story of his  failing marriage, recounting the vacations he took his wife on and the  money he gave her and her family. Now, he said, she was accusing him and  his relatives of harassment. She had claimed he was incapable of  fulfilling his “marital duties,” a charge he denied indignantly. “She  was aspirational, you know,” he said as his story wound down. “She told  me she wanted a red Pajero.”        &lt;/blockquote&gt;&amp;nbsp;This light-handedly written piece unmistakably points at the futility of any attempts to prevent a large part of humanity from buying (or dreaming of) a car. You need to be already middle class to abstain from buying a Red Pajero, right? That's why Nordhaus and Shellenberger once announced the "&lt;a href="http://thebreakthrough.org/blog/2004/10/the_death_of_environmentalism.shtml"&gt;Death of Environmentalism&lt;/a&gt;", and that's why both skeptics and alarmists should again study (and improve)&amp;nbsp; the &lt;a href="http://rogerpielkejr.blogspot.com/2010/05/hartwell-paper.html"&gt;Hartwell paper&lt;/a&gt;. Our mental energy shouldn't get completely absorbed by debating the subtleties of climate change in Greenland (which is an important question, no doubt). But there are some other huge problems to be dealt with, too. And the question of how to bring together &lt;a href="http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/09/post-environmental-dilemma.html"&gt;yesterday's piece &lt;/a&gt;about Vermont and this one about India is a challenging one, too; managing to to do so would already be an important step forward in theorizing the challenges of climate change from a post-environmental perspective.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-2059635636336347069?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/2059635636336347069/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=2059635636336347069&amp;isPopup=true' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/2059635636336347069'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/2059635636336347069'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/09/environmentalists-dilemma-ii.html' title='Postenvironmental dilemma, II'/><author><name>Werner Krauss</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15094636819952421339</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-TrmFOWS1buw/ToWMp308DFI/AAAAAAAABUk/nxggIGFJDAU/s72-c/pajero.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-5682052668301054806</id><published>2011-09-29T23:15:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2011-09-29T23:23:57.368+02:00</updated><title type='text'>The Post-Environmental Dilemma</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oPts9JhbBRM/ToTD_z_T-VI/AAAAAAAABUg/ccNgxn-L3OM/s1600/vermont.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="200" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oPts9JhbBRM/ToTD_z_T-VI/AAAAAAAABUg/ccNgxn-L3OM/s200/vermont.jpg" width="128" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Environmentalists are often treated as one coherent group speaking with one voice. This is not true, of course, as an article in today's New York Times, &lt;a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/29/opinion/the-not-so-green-mountains.html?ref=opinion"&gt;the Not-so-Green Mountains&lt;/a&gt;, demonstrates. In Vermont, a company wants to erect 21 wind turbines along a mountain ridgeline. The author, a former commissioner of the Vermont&amp;nbsp; Fish and Wildlife Department, calls this a "desecration, in the name of green energy". It's green versus green: nature conservation versus climate protection. Its worth having&amp;nbsp; a closer look at this case to better understand the environmental dilemma.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The author states that the erection of wind turbines on ridgelines will have no effect on Vermont's greenhouse gas emissions. And, even worse, they will destroy Vermont's patrimony:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&amp;nbsp;But it is those same Green Mountain ridgelines that attracted nearly 14  million visitors to Vermont in 2009, generating $1.4 billion in tourism  spending. The mountains are integral to our identity as the Green  Mountain State, and provide us with clean air and water and healthy  wildlife populations.        &lt;/blockquote&gt;Vermont has a history of "leadership in developing innovative, effective environmental protection", which is now "tossed aside". And what do the author's environmentalist friends actually do?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Ironically, most of the state’s environmental groups have not taken a  stand on this ecologically disastrous project. Apparently, they are  unwilling to stand in the way of “green” energy development, no matter  how much destruction it wreaks upon Vermont’s core asset: the landscape  that has made us who we are.&amp;nbsp;        &lt;/blockquote&gt;The author compares this case to similar ones in Cape Cod and in Maine, "the allure of wind power threatens to destroy environmentally sensitive landscapes".&amp;nbsp; For him, these are the conflict lines:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;The pursuit of large-scale, ridgeline wind power in Vermont represents a  terrible error of vision and planning and a misunderstanding of what a  responsible society must do to slow the warming of our planet. It also  represents a profound failure to understand the value of our landscape  to our souls and our economic future in Vermont.        &lt;/blockquote&gt;Before we discuss whether there should be wind turbines on the Vermont mountain ridges or not, I would like to direct your attention to the basic dilemma I see in environmentalism. As we have often discussed here, it is easy to detect a certain determinism in climate change discussion: because climate changes, we have to erect wind turbines or whatever. Political decisions are legitimized by the fact of climate change; political opitions are negated.&lt;br /&gt;This kind of determinism has a long tradition, of course. In nature conservation, it was nature or specific species which served as an argument and legitimization for political action. An argument that the author picks up here: it is the "one of the largest tracts of private wild land" that is threatened; wild land which has "made us who we are"; which has value for the soul and the economic future of Vermont. Thus, it is untouched nature from which derives culture.&lt;br /&gt;But is Vermont's wild nature really pure nature? Or do these forests maybe have a history? Were they inhabited by American Indians? I don't know; it would be interesting to learn more about. When were these forests privatized? When did tourism start in Vermont, and when did the Indian summer become one of the unique selling points in Vermont's tourism?&lt;br /&gt;Thus, Vermont's nature is constructed. It is not just there, it has a (human) history. Nature doesn't serve well as an argument. &lt;b&gt;"In the name of sacred nature" we have to prevent wind turbines meets "in the name of climate" we have to erect wind turbines. &lt;/b&gt;Here it is, the environmentalist's dilemma.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To find a solution for those conflicts, we have to turn to an understanding of political ecology which is sensitive to &lt;i&gt;essentialisms&lt;/i&gt;, to the "naturalization" of forests, landscapes or climate. Vermont is a post-environmental landscape; neither nature conversation nor climate protection can argue anymore in the name of nature or climate. Instead, political decisions have to be taken.&amp;nbsp; Landscapes are as dynamic as is history; cultural identity does not derive from a static landscape or a climate that produces Indian summers. Instead, Vermont, its landscapes and people's identity are permanently "under construction". Why shouldn't Vermont become proud of the wind turbines as it is proud of its colorful trees? Instead of staring at nature, I would recommend to have a look at the social history, at previous ownership conflicts, at those networks of people and things (Indian summer, for example), of environmentalism and politics, which make up the political landscape of Vermont. There are no easy solutions for conflicts like these in post-environmental landscapes! &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oPts9JhbBRM/ToTD_z_T-VI/AAAAAAAABUg/ccNgxn-L3OM/s1600/vermont.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-5682052668301054806?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/5682052668301054806/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=5682052668301054806&amp;isPopup=true' title='8 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/5682052668301054806'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/5682052668301054806'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/09/post-environmental-dilemma.html' title='The Post-Environmental Dilemma'/><author><name>Werner Krauss</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15094636819952421339</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oPts9JhbBRM/ToTD_z_T-VI/AAAAAAAABUg/ccNgxn-L3OM/s72-c/vermont.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>8</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-8601220704129182627</id><published>2011-09-28T11:12:00.011+02:00</published><updated>2011-09-28T15:59:18.905+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Tired of global anger</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8O8pVZ2uvAc/ToLZh2fN50I/AAAAAAAABUY/Sno9fJAUDV4/s1600/banksy_i-dont-believe-in-global-warming.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8O8pVZ2uvAc/ToLZh2fN50I/AAAAAAAABUY/Sno9fJAUDV4/s1600/banksy_i-dont-believe-in-global-warming.jpg" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;There is an interesting article by Robert Kwulrich on the NPR (National Public Radio) website about "&lt;a href="http://www.npr.org/blogs/krulwich/2011/09/08/140317111/avoiding-global-warming-stories?ft=1&amp;amp;f=5500502"&gt;Avoiding global warming stories&lt;/a&gt;":&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="postcontent"&gt;&lt;div class="story"&gt;&lt;div class="storylocation" id="storytext"&gt;&lt;div class="bucketwrap photo462" id="res140318070"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;I got a call the other day from some  producers I very much admire. They wanted to talk about a series next  year on global warming and I thought, why does this subject make me  instantly tired? Global warming is important, yes; controversial,  certainly; complicated (OK by me); but somehow, even broaching this  subject makes me feel like someone's put heavy stones in my head. Why is  that?&lt;/blockquote&gt;As an anthropologist, I think this is a very good starting point. To bring some new aspects into the either worn out or else highly specialized (and thus mostly exclusive) global warming debate , Kwulrich suggests to have a look at the emotional side of the debate. He ends up in realizing that it's not the arguments, but the negativity of skeptics that bothers him:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;When they write in to NPR, they cite study after study; &lt;a href="http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1871503&amp;amp;http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1871503"&gt;a recent paper by Dan Kahan and colleagues at Yale Law School&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;found the more scientifically literate and numerate you are, &lt;i&gt;the less likely &lt;/i&gt;you  are to see climate change as a serious threat. So this isn't about a  lack of science knowledge or that there aren't scientific questions to  wonder about. It's not that the skeptics don't have an argument, it's &lt;i&gt;how they argue&lt;/i&gt;. It's the anger. That's what puzzles me. &lt;/blockquote&gt;To find out more about what he identifies as a negative vibe, he quotes from another blog, run by &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursula_Goodenough"&gt;Ursula Goodenough&lt;/a&gt;, a biology professor from St. Louis. She asked her readers: "If you are a global warming skeptic, what makes you so angry?", or, "What motivates a denier?" She tried to systematize the answers and delivers what is, in my opinion, quite an interesting categorization (see blow). In the last part of the article, the famous novelist &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Franzen"&gt;Jonathan Frantzen&lt;/a&gt; is quoted, who fell in love with birds (and then became an environmentalist). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What motivates the skeptic's anger?&amp;nbsp; First of all, there is distrust in the alarmist scientists' credibility, expressed here by an exemplary comment:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&amp;nbsp;For thirty years I was told the world was going to end and it didn't.  All these scary predictions were based on computer models not actual  data and they never came true. And the solution always seemed to involve  some bicycle riding elitist regulating my life and taking my money. You  guys blew it.&lt;/blockquote&gt;Ursula Goodenough received 859 answers. Here her summary:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="edTag"&gt;&lt;b&gt;[INERTIA]:&lt;/b&gt;The  default setting of the American people is inertia. We tend not to favor  things that require a change in our habits, let alone gluttonous  creature comforts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;[NOW-ness ]&lt;/b&gt;:  There was a 10-minute lecture by Dr. Gilbert of Harvard that explains  this pretty well. He states that humans have evolved to react quickly to  events that are Intentional, Immoral, Imminent, and Instantaneous.  Global warming has none of these properties, whereas Terrorism has all  of them. Hence we fear Terrorism but not Global Warming.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;[ME-ness]&lt;/b&gt;:  It's something called "inferred justification." ... Essentially people  approach things with pre-determined beliefs and then seek out facts to  validate their own views and ignore facts that don't support their  views. ... This is why the respondents respond with tons of links. They  don't care what the facts are, they just want their belief system  validated.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;[I HATE THAT GUY]:&lt;/b&gt;  There's no one motivator, I don't think. For some it's politics — "If  the liberals/hippies/Democrats are saying it's true, I must assert that  it's false!" — and for others, in America at least, I suspect it's  related to our deep (and deeply annoying) cultural bias against the very  idea of expertise.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;[WHAT'S THE BIG DEAL?]:&lt;/b&gt;  For my dad it was not accepting the idea that human beings, when faced  with cataclysmic change, would be harmed by that change instead of  adapting to it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;[I SMELL A PLOT ... ]:&lt;/b&gt;  Many deniers I speak with really believe climate change is a conspiracy  among Eurocrats and America Haters worldwide to "bring us down to their  level."&lt;/blockquote&gt;Of course, to have this categorization standing alone is very dangerous. At least, skepticism is based on &lt;b&gt;scientific, rationa&lt;/b&gt;l arguments, too, as mentioned above. But we should accept this for a moment, because we talk about the emotional side.&amp;nbsp; So let's follow Kwulrich's story:&lt;br /&gt;In the (happy) end, Jonathan Frantzen tells why he first turned into a moderate skeptic (or simply being bored by the question of global warming), and how it came that he suddenly decided to become an environmentalist:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;I made a conscious decision to stop worrying about the environment.  There was nothing meaningful that I personally could do to save the  planet, and I wanted to get on with devoting myself to the things I  loved. I still tried to keep my carbon footprint small, but that was as  far as I could go. . .. BUT then a funny thing happened to me. It's a  long story, but basically I fell in love with birds. Whenever I looked  at a bird, any bird, even a pigeon or a robin, I could feel my heart  overflow with love. ...And now, not merely liking nature but loving a  specific and vital part of it, I had no choice but to start worrying  about the environment again. ... Now those threatened forests and  wetlands and oceans weren't just pretty scenes for me to enjoy. They  were the home of animals I loved.&lt;/blockquote&gt;And falling in love with birds, roses and other living things, anger disappears:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote class="edTag"&gt;Which is what  love will do to a person. Because the fundamental fact about all of us  is that we're alive for a while but will die before long. This fact is  the real root cause of all our anger and pain and despair. And you can  either run from this fact or, by way of love, you can embrace it.&lt;br /&gt;When  you stay in your room and rage or sneer or shrug your shoulders, as I  did for many years, the world and its problems are impossibly daunting.  But when you go out and put yourself in real relation to real people, or  even just real animals, there's a very real danger that you might love  some of them.&lt;br /&gt;And who knows what might happen to you then?&lt;/blockquote&gt;For some, there might be an unnerving tone of moral superiority in this arguments, as if only environmentalists would know what love means. But this is not the point, I guess. It's the anger.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-cWrjnN4F6Po/ToLkNlLUOzI/AAAAAAAABUc/0z8pmHq2NSI/s1600/flickr-hashir_custom.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="227" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-cWrjnN4F6Po/ToLkNlLUOzI/AAAAAAAABUc/0z8pmHq2NSI/s320/flickr-hashir_custom.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-8601220704129182627?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/8601220704129182627/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=8601220704129182627&amp;isPopup=true' title='20 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/8601220704129182627'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/8601220704129182627'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/09/there-is-interesting-article-by-robert.html' title='Tired of global anger'/><author><name>Werner Krauss</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15094636819952421339</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8O8pVZ2uvAc/ToLZh2fN50I/AAAAAAAABUY/Sno9fJAUDV4/s72-c/banksy_i-dont-believe-in-global-warming.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>20</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-5367404813391967940</id><published>2011-09-22T09:43:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-09-22T09:43:42.943+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='interviews Brzoska'/><title type='text'>CLISAP Interviews continued -</title><content type='html'>The CLISAP interview series has been extended with an interview with the scientific director &lt;b&gt;Michael Brzoska&lt;/b&gt; of the Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg: &lt;a href="http://www.klimacampus.de/2014.html"&gt;http://www.klimacampus.de/2014.html&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So far &lt;a href="http://coast.hzg.de/staff/storch/interview.htm#clisap"&gt;6 interviews&lt;/a&gt; have been published. Some of the questions raised are identical in the different interviews.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;English and German versions available.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-5367404813391967940?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/5367404813391967940/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=5367404813391967940&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/5367404813391967940'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/5367404813391967940'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/09/clisap-interviews-continued.html' title='CLISAP Interviews continued -'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-9095543329638876747</id><published>2011-09-20T10:26:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-09-20T10:26:32.499+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Wo ist das Gletschereis?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Environment/Pix/columnists/2011/9/14/1316011106553/Greenland-ice-cover-in-Ti-007.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="192" src="http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Environment/Pix/columnists/2011/9/14/1316011106553/Greenland-ice-cover-in-Ti-007.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;Eine neue Kontroverse entwickelt sich über das Abschmelzen des Grönlandeises. Der Times Comprehensive Atlas of the World, verlegt von HarperCollins, behauptet das Eis sein in den letzten 12 Jahren um 15% abgeschmolzen. Spiegel online berichtet &lt;a href="http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/natur/0,1518,787082,00.html"&gt;hier&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;The &lt;a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2011/sep/19/times-atlas-wrong-greenland-climate-change"&gt;Guardian&lt;/a&gt; has this report:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 18px;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 13px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;"This is concrete evidence of how climate change is altering the face of the planet forever – and doing so at an alarming and accelerating rate," said the publishers of the atlas, HarperCollins, in information given to the media last week and reiterated by a spokeswoman on Monday.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 13px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;But seven researchers at Cambridge University's&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/" style="background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-collapse: collapse; color: #005689; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none;" title=""&gt;Scott Polar Research Institute&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;backed by glaciologists in the US, Europe and elsewhere, have said that both the maps and the figure of 15% are wrong.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; border-collapse: collapse; margin-bottom: 13px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;In a letter to the editors of the Times Atlas they agree that the Greenland ice cover is reducing but at nowhere near the extent claimed in the book. "A 15% decrease in permanent ice cover since the publication of the previous atlas 12 years ago is both incorrect and misleading.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 15px; line-height: 18px;"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 15px; line-height: 18px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 18px;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;The publisher stood by its claim:&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333;"&gt;  &lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;"A&amp;nbsp;spokeswoman for Times Atlas defended the 15% figure and the new map. "We are the best there is. We are confident of the data we have used and of the cartography. We use data supplied by the US&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://nsidc.org/" title=""&gt;Snow and Ice Data Centre&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;(NSIDC) in Boulder, Colorado. They use radar techniques to measure the permanent ice. We have compared the extent of the ice surface in 1999 with that of 2011. Our data shows that it has reduced by 15%. That's categorical," she said."&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"&gt;For how long will this stand?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-9095543329638876747?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/9095543329638876747/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=9095543329638876747&amp;isPopup=true' title='9 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/9095543329638876747'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/9095543329638876747'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/09/wo-ist-das-gletschereis.html' title='Wo ist das Gletschereis?'/><author><name>Reiner Grundmann</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12759452975366986236</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>9</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-1909173609928792310</id><published>2011-09-19T17:37:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-09-19T17:37:51.445+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Deutsch English'/><title type='text'>Deutsch oder Englisch? - Leserbrief</title><content type='html'>Ich erhielt diesen Leserbrief:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"&lt;i&gt; Sehr geehrter Herr von Storch,&lt;br /&gt;durch mein Interesse an Wetter und Wahrheit bin ich auch auf Ihre interessanten Internetseiten gestoßen.(http://coast.gkss.de/staff/storch/storch.htm#storch)&lt;br /&gt;Nun kann ich zwar einigermaßen Englisch, doch nicht so gut als wäre es die Muttersprache. So fällt es schon recht schwer die Texte zu lesen und ich kann mir vorstellen, daß es Menschen gibt, die es leider dann doch nicht schaffen die Informationen zu erreichen, weil das Übersetzen zu mühsam wird. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gibt es diese Internetseiten auch in deutscher Sprache? Wenn ja würde ich mich freuen.&lt;br /&gt;Gerade im Kampf um die unabhängige Arbeit der Wissenschaft ist es meiner Meinung nach wichtig jedem Menschen, vor allem im deutschsprachigen Raum Europas, alle erforderlichen Informationen leicht und ohne Schwellen zugänglich zu machen. Da Englisch nur von relativ wenigen Menschen in Europa als Muttersprache gesprochen wird und Deutsch die am meisten gesprochene Muttersprache in Europa ist, sollte man die als Wissenschaftssprache besten geeignete Sprache in Ehren halten und vorrangig bei Veröffentlichungen auch verwenden. Englisch ist eine zu ungenaue Sprache für die Wissenschaft und es ist ein Unglück, daß viele in dieses englische Korsett gezwungen werden, was allzuoft zu gewaltigen Mißverständnissen führt.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;mit freundlichen Grüßen&lt;br /&gt;Name &lt;/i&gt;"&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-1909173609928792310?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/1909173609928792310/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=1909173609928792310&amp;isPopup=true' title='5 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/1909173609928792310'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/1909173609928792310'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/09/deutsch-oder-englisch-leserbrief.html' title='Deutsch oder Englisch? - Leserbrief'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>5</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-3046874317299401712</id><published>2011-09-17T18:01:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-09-17T18:01:22.693+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Canda financing'/><title type='text'>Calgary Herald reports about starnge financial arrangements</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;who wonders what to think about these news published by Calgary Herald:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt; "&lt;i&gt;Research  accounts at the University of Calgary, funded mainly by the oil and gas  industry, were used for high-priced consultants, lobbying, wining,  dining, and travel with the goal of casting doubt on climate change  science&lt;/i&gt;."&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;for complete text refer to: &lt;a href="http://www.canada.com/technology/University+Calgary+climate+research+accounts+used+travel+wining+dining+records/5403451/story.html#ixzz1Y835ZyOX"&gt;http://www.canada.com/technology/University+Calgary+climate+research+accounts+used+travel+wining+dining+records/5403451/story.html#ixzz1Y835ZyOX&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Is it reliably researched? If true, would the report unethical and uncommon behavior?&amp;nbsp; Is this just what one would expect in a post-normal situation? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The newspaper continues:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"&lt;i&gt;A pair of "research" accounts at the University of Calgary, funded  mainly by the oil and gas industry, were used for a sophisticated  international political campaign that involved high-priced consultants,  lobbying, wining, dining, and travel with the goal of casting doubt on  climate change science, newly-released accounting records have revealed.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br class="webkit-block-placeholder" /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;i&gt;The  records showed that the strategy was crafted by professional firms, in  collaboration with well-known climate change skeptics in Canada and  abroad, allowing donors to earn tax receipts by channeling their money  through the university.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br class="webkit-block-placeholder" /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;i&gt;All of the activities and $507,975  in spending were organized by the Friends of Science, an anti-Kyoto  Protocol group founded by retired oil industry workers and academics who  are skeptical about peer-reviewed research linking human activity to  global warming observed in recent decades.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;...&lt;/i&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br class="webkit-block-placeholder" /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;i&gt;The spending also included:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br class="webkit-block-placeholder" /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;i&gt;-  Separate donations of about $1,000 to support organizations that  question climate change science in the U.S. and the United Kingdom that  were co-ordinated by Fred Singer and Benny Peiser;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br class="webkit-block-placeholder" /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;i&gt;-  Thousands of dollars in travel, dining and gift expenses for climate  skeptics such as Tim Ball, Ross McKitrick, Madhav Khandekar from Canada  as well as Sallie Baliunas from the U.S. to attend various meetings and  events on behalf of the Friends of Science. ...&lt;/i&gt; "&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-3046874317299401712?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/3046874317299401712/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=3046874317299401712&amp;isPopup=true' title='19 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/3046874317299401712'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/3046874317299401712'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/09/calgary-herald-reports-about-starnge.html' title='Calgary Herald reports about starnge financial arrangements'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>19</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-4025989991366057393</id><published>2011-09-16T10:10:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2011-09-16T10:11:43.646+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Climate Reality Project II</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oa0AFOgg7ok/TnMDLT_J_7I/AAAAAAAABUM/lW40g0aqxs4/s1600/24+hours.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="139" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oa0AFOgg7ok/TnMDLT_J_7I/AAAAAAAABUM/lW40g0aqxs4/s200/24+hours.png" width="200" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;On &lt;a href="http://blogs.nature.com/news/2011/09/invited_guests_weigh_in_on_al.html"&gt;nature news&lt;/a&gt;, you can read comments, observations and opinions about the "telethon" among others by Bob Ward, Judith Curry and klimazwiebel authors Hans and Werner. Here's our comment:&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;"We want to present three observations on the basis of our selected viewing of Al Gore’s Climate Reality Project. First, we address the political and scientific legitimization of the message; second, we criticize the form of representation, and finally we discuss the dilemma of the global – local nexus."&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;style&gt;&lt;!-- /* Font Definitions */@font-face {font-family:"Times New Roman"; panose-1:0 2 2 6 3 5 4 5 2 3; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:50331648 0 0 0 1 0;} /* Style Definitions */p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:DE;}table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-parent:""; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";}@page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 89.85pt 72.0pt 89.85pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;}div.Section1 {page:Section1;}--&gt;&lt;/style&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!-- /* Font Definitions */@font-face {font-family:"Times New Roman"; panose-1:0 2 2 6 3 5 4 5 2 3; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:auto; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:50331648 0 0 0 1 0;} /* Style Definitions */p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:DE;}table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-parent:""; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman";}@page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:72.0pt 90.0pt 72.0pt 90.0pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;}div.Section1 {page:Section1;}--&gt;&lt;/style&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;1) In our opinion, Al Gore’s telethon is a legitimate political campaign. The campaign raises claims, namely that it is science based – with a certainty beyond reasonable doubt -, and that man-made climate change manifests itself throughout the world locally, in particular through extreme meteorological events. The anthropogenic dimension of the warming is indeed a fact beyond reasonable doubt: it is getting warmer faster than what should be expected from internal variability and other presently acting forcings (detection), and this, given our present understanding, cannot be explained without a massive contribution through the anthropogenic greenhouse effect (attribution). With respect to extreme events there are reasonable doubts whether we see a change in the statistics beyond natural variations, and whether this change must be attributed to anthropogenic emissions – given our present knowledge. Thus, the telethon oversells, but most would be surprised if Al Gore would not sex up his narrative, as almost all politicians do when selling their points. In this sense, the telethon is like watching a "best of" Inconvenient Truth forth and back. Furthermore, the political nature of this campaign was disguised behind the repeated assurance that global climate change is not a political, but a human problem (especially in the US, climate politics are indeed an extremely political issue).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;2) In our opinion, the telethon is aimed first and foremost at an American audience. Even though the “show” is transmitted from different places all over the world, the setting, style and form of presentation is oriented at CNN and Hollywood films, including both the repetitious presentation of loops of the “best” disasters in 2010/2011 and the notorious expert rounds. There is hardly any local perspective; the American form of presentation (with Al Gore’s “Inconvenient Truth” as model) dominates both the narrative and the iconography. Thus, we repeatedly saw the video about the famous tobacco campaign in the US of the fifties (which cigarette does your doctor smoke? Camel!), shown as an analogy to the climate “deniers”. There were no references made to recent discussions or reflections about negative or even counterproductive effects of a “politics of fear”, of “apocalyptic rhetoric”, “overselling” or the inclusion of skeptical arguments, quite the contrary. Furthermore, skeptics were consequently labeled “deniers”. There was only one message, an apocalyptic one, with the respective promise of salvation; sometimes the discourse almost switched into a religious sermon: once we behave climate friendly, there won’t be any storms or other natural disasters anymore. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;3) As far as we have seen, almost every local presentation started with a presentation of recent disasters all around the globe. The local dimension was represented only in the language of the expert-presenter; the local dimension appeared as constructed, somehow staged, with a strong focus on an US audience. Otherwise one would have made sure that truly local “experts” would have prepared their version of the “one” message; instead, the panels of experts were made up to large extent by Americans (or “global” experts arguing in the Anglo-Saxon academic tradition). The omni-present Al Gore exemplified this predominantly global approach – the direction of climate discourse was mostly from the global to the local, and not the other way round. The intended local - global connection doesn't work or was hardly seen. The omni-present round table with (global) experts and usually a sexy female moderator annihilated the local dimension. Thus, this global show didn’t succeed in localizing global climate discourse or rooting it in the respective societies. Interesting approaches, such as the mentioning of indigenous Maori weather forecast systems, which due to climate change become fallible, only served as folklore; there was no real interest in the reality of such claims. Highly speculative (and deterministic) assertions such as the interpretation of the Arab upheavals as a result of global warming were made repeatedly, sold as scientific knowledge and without being challenged.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="MsoNormal"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Thus, in our view the telethon was a (legitimate) political campaign concerning climate politics, predominantly addressed at an American audience; in its since “Inconvenient Truth” unchanged message and iconography it manifests a crisis of representation, which easily may turn out counterproductive in the long run; and in terms of the relation of global and local, it still fosters a very naïve understanding of the global – local nexus. But who knows how people in Beijing, Auckland or Mexico City see this. Maybe Al Gore’s message resonates completely different in other places. For many people out there, it may be locally extremely important to have the authority of a world famous American politician at hand in order to back up their environmental or other political fights. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-4025989991366057393?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/4025989991366057393/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=4025989991366057393&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/4025989991366057393'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/4025989991366057393'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/09/climate-reality-project-ii.html' title='Climate Reality Project II'/><author><name>Werner Krauss</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15094636819952421339</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oa0AFOgg7ok/TnMDLT_J_7I/AAAAAAAABUM/lW40g0aqxs4/s72-c/24+hours.png' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-8661603273269847541</id><published>2011-09-15T09:56:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2011-09-15T09:57:31.410+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Live!!! ClimateRealityProject! 24 Hours of Global Climate Reality!</title><content type='html'>Dear klimazwiebeln,&lt;br /&gt;whenever your time today allows, check in on the internet and watch&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://climaterealityproject.org/"&gt;The ClimateRealityProject &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This project is founded and chaired by Al Gore. It would be great to have short summaries, your observations and your comments on whatever you watched during the next 24 hours. This is a great opportunity to hear and watch a (hegemonic?) version of global climate discourse.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Here's what it's all about:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;What is 24 Hours of Reality?&lt;/h3&gt;24 Presenters. 24 Time Zones. 13 Languages. 1 Message. 24 Hours of  Reality is a worldwide event to broadcast the reality of the climate  crisis. It will consist of a new multimedia presentation created by Al  Gore and delivered once per hour for 24 hours, representing every time  zone around the globe. Each hour people living with the reality of  climate change will connect the dots between recent extreme weather  events — including floods, droughts and storms — and the manmade  pollution that is changing our climate. We will offer a round-the-clock,  round-the-globe snapshot of the climate crisis in real time. The  deniers may have millions of dollars to spend, but we have a powerful  advantage. We have reality.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;When is 24 Hours of Reality?&lt;/h3&gt;24 Hours of Reality will be broadcast live online from September 14  to 15, over 24 hours, representing 24 time zones and 13 languages.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Where is 24 Hours of Reality?&lt;/h3&gt;From Tonga to Cape Verde, Mexico City to Alaska, Jakarta to London,  people living with the impacts of climate change every day will tell  their story. You can experience as much as you like without even leaving  your home. &lt;a href="http://climaterealityproject.org/#location-map"&gt;Click here&lt;/a&gt;  to find the location — or locations — where you would like to watch a  presentation. Due to logistical considerations, three of the  presentations will be broadcast remotely from New York — Tonga, the  Solomon Islands and French Polynesia —&amp;nbsp;but will include local footage  and information. All other presentations will be filmed on location  around the world.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h3&gt;IS 24 HOURS OF REALITY SUSTAINABLE?&lt;/h3&gt;We hope 24 Hours of Reality will inspire global action to solve the  climate crisis. And that’s why we have also made every effort to reduce  this event’s environmental impact. By using an online viewing portal, we  are encouraging a worldwide audience to participate without incurring  the carbon emissions associated with travel. We have implemented  sustainable event standards which focus on the following key areas:  transportation, waste diversion (through recycling and composting),  sustainable procurement, production and materials, and green office  techniques. By implementing these standards, 24 Hours of Reality will do  all that it can to reduce its overall carbon footprint.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-8661603273269847541?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/8661603273269847541/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=8661603273269847541&amp;isPopup=true' title='5 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/8661603273269847541'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/8661603273269847541'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/09/live-climaterealityproject-24-hours-of.html' title='Live!!! ClimateRealityProject! 24 Hours of Global Climate Reality!'/><author><name>Werner Krauss</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15094636819952421339</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>5</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-1800723924377488289</id><published>2011-09-15T00:55:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2011-09-15T00:57:01.682+02:00</updated><title type='text'>The past is now</title><content type='html'>&lt;style type="text/css"&gt; &lt;!--  @page { margin: 2cm }  P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;I guess that every generation has considered itself to live in a  special moment in the history of mankind, and probably out generation is no exception. From the Millennium fears 1000 years ago, to the dawning of the nuclear age and climate change, and the last economic bubbles - and bursts- one has the impression that present&amp;nbsp; time&amp;nbsp; will be different from any other times in the past.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Perhaps this is not true in general, but judging from two interesting charts shown below, in demographic terms the times we are presently living may turn to be truly special. Considering the cumulative number of human lives as a measure of the 'amount of history', the last two centuries represent a very large fraction of the set of all human lives that have existed on&amp;nbsp; Earth. Even more remarkable, in terms of economic output measured as global Gross Domestic Product the 21st century - a little more than 10 years- represents almost a quarter of all goods and services produced by humanity. Some economists would even argue that this is also one quarter of all human history. The 20th and 21st centuries completely dominate human history in terms of economic output, and presumably also in terms of utilization of natural resources.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KbHwGLkLMVQ/TnEtYEbGBxI/AAAAAAAAAFE/KvJVDce7KgA/s1600/20110702_WOC913.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="225" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KbHwGLkLMVQ/TnEtYEbGBxI/AAAAAAAAAFE/KvJVDce7KgA/s400/20110702_WOC913.gif" width="400" /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;From &lt;a href="http://www.economist.com/blogs/dailychart/2011/06/quantifying-history"&gt;The Economist&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;          &lt;style type="text/css"&gt; &lt;!--  @page { margin: 2cm }  P { margin-bottom: 0.21cm } --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;Will this trend continue ? Economics are difficult to predict . Maybe in 20 years time we all write blogs in Chinese instead of English or maybe&amp;nbsp; Brazilian Samba has replaced the more traditional fox-trot. In terms of demographics, however, and assuming that present trends can be projected into the far future, an interesting pictures emerges: it seems that in less than 1000 years, Portugal will be completely empty (hopefully by then they will have repaid their debts to the Spanish banks)  and then the Spaniards can finally conquer the whole Iberian Peninsula without a fight. Spain can trounce Germany in all World Soccer Championship in the next 1500 years.  I wonder how the world would look like in the last 500 years of humanity, when only Brazilians will populate the world.&amp;nbsp; Perhaps at that point we will achieve global happiness.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-G8apGbQQx3g/TnEtvmQgxtI/AAAAAAAAAFI/sfv1z5G0vb8/s1600/20110827_WOC449.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="313" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-G8apGbQQx3g/TnEtvmQgxtI/AAAAAAAAAFI/sfv1z5G0vb8/s320/20110827_WOC449.gif" width="320" /&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;From &lt;a href="http://www.economist.com/node/21526366%22"&gt;The Economist&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;More seriously, the median UN projection estimates that the global population&amp;nbsp; will&amp;nbsp; reach a maximum by roughly year 2050.  The population in Germany  is currently already not increasing and some projections even point out that the population of some Eastern German federal states may have fallen by 25% by year 2050.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"&gt;How will this population decline, especially in Europe,  affect the environment, our cities and countrysides ? I guess life could be a bit different from what we experience now.  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id="goog_1025868292"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id="goog_1025868293"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-1800723924377488289?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/1800723924377488289/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=1800723924377488289&amp;isPopup=true' title='6 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/1800723924377488289'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/1800723924377488289'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/09/past-is-now.html' title='The past is now'/><author><name>eduardo</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/17725131974182980651</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ZfHbCG3yJ9A/TN_i6lqM-kI/AAAAAAAAADU/BVSBSyzQqcg/S220/smalldsc00588.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KbHwGLkLMVQ/TnEtYEbGBxI/AAAAAAAAAFE/KvJVDce7KgA/s72-c/20110702_WOC913.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>6</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-2600915952203481058</id><published>2011-09-14T12:34:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2011-09-14T12:46:13.413+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Rückspiegel: "Der Klimawissenschaftler als Prophet" (2000)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-od3oijwX5Zs/TnB217xRluI/AAAAAAAABT8/OneMxGk69B4/s1600/Scan140911_113245.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="227" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-od3oijwX5Zs/TnB217xRluI/AAAAAAAABT8/OneMxGk69B4/s320/Scan140911_113245.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Im Oktober 2000 hatte Hans von Storch den Sprachwissenschaftler &lt;a href="http://www.uni-hamburg.de/fachbereiche-einrichtungen/fg_ta_med/doering.html"&gt;Martin Döring&lt;/a&gt; und mich eingeladen, auf der 5. Deutschen Klimatagung in Hamburg einen Vortrag zu halten. Wir waren dort als Kulturwissenschaftler wahre Exoten, und unser Ansatz zumindest damals recht ungewöhnlich: wir versuchten, den Klimawissenschaften einen (linguistischen und ethnologischen) Spiegel vorzuhalten und so eine dialogische Perspektive in den Klimadiskurs einzubringen. &lt;b&gt;"&lt;i&gt;Wir wollen nicht nur die Menschen "da draußen" abholen, wo sie sind, sondern auch die Wissenschaftler&lt;/i&gt;"&lt;/b&gt;, so lautete die kleine Provokation in unserem Vortrag: &lt;a href="http://bildungsserver.hamburg.de/klimawandel-und-gesellschaft-nav/2576224/klimawissenschaftler-prophet.html"&gt;"Der Klimawissenschaftler als Prophet"&lt;/a&gt;. Ob das je gelungen ist? Der Vortrag bietet vielleicht eine gute Gelegenheit, einmal über eine längere Zeitspanne die Entwicklung der Klimadebatte und der Klimaforschung zu reflektieren. Zumal hier auf der klimazwiebel, die, wenn ich mir das so überlege, einen ihrer Anfänge in solchen Debatten hatte (nur dass man damals noch nicht wusste, was ein blog ist!). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Damals war der klimawissenschaftliche Diskurs offensichtlich noch ziemlich apokalyptisch; wir hatten keine Probleme, alarmistische Beispiele zu finden. Kritik an den Klimawissenschaften und ihrem Habitus war damals noch nicht so &lt;i&gt;en vogue&lt;/i&gt; wie heute. Im Gegenteil, die Klimawissenschaften waren mit vollen Segeln unterwegs, eine Leitwissenschaft zu werden, während sich gleichzeitig an ihren Rändern interessante Entwicklungen auftaten. &lt;br /&gt;So erhielt im Rahmen dieser Tagung z.B. Christian Pfister den &lt;a href="http://coast.gkss.de/staff/storch/material/brueckner/brueckner-preis.htm"&gt;Brückner-Preis&lt;/a&gt;, damals auch er mit seinem &lt;a href="http://www.sehepunkte.de/2010/04/16331.html"&gt;historischen Klimaansatz&lt;/a&gt; ein Sonderling. Auch die &lt;a href="http://www.wiso.uni-hamburg.de/institute/institut-fuer-soziologie/personal/professorinnen/anita-engels/"&gt;Soziologin Anita Engels&lt;/a&gt;, heute Professorin u.a. am KlimaCampus in Hamburg, hielt dort einen medientheoretischen Vortrag, in dem sie den ratlosen Klimawissenschaftlern die Unwägbarkeiten des Mediensystems nach u.a. Luhmann erklärte. Einerseits also eine noch ungebrochene Klimawissenschaft im vollen Aufklärungsschwung ("wie können wir die Leute bloß von der kommenden Klimakatastrophe überzeugen?"), und auf der anderen Seite erste zarte Blüten einer kultur- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Annäherung an die Klimaforschung. Was ist davon eigentlich übrig geblieben, was ist daraus geworden?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-2600915952203481058?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/2600915952203481058/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=2600915952203481058&amp;isPopup=true' title='5 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/2600915952203481058'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/2600915952203481058'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/09/ruckspiegel-der-klimawissenschaftler.html' title='Rückspiegel: &quot;Der Klimawissenschaftler als Prophet&quot; (2000)'/><author><name>Werner Krauss</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15094636819952421339</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-od3oijwX5Zs/TnB217xRluI/AAAAAAAABT8/OneMxGk69B4/s72-c/Scan140911_113245.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>5</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-9177577031328603709</id><published>2011-09-07T14:57:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-09-07T14:57:44.368+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Climate Vote project'/><title type='text'>Das Projekt "CLIMATE VOTE PROJECT"</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;Ich bekam diese Mail, und ich denke, einige der Leser von der Klimazwiebel hätten Lust, den Ansatz zu diskutieren:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Erst kürzlich startete die Klimaschutzinitiative CLIMATE VOTE PROJECT mit dem Launch der Internetseite www.climatevoteproject.org.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lesen Sie hier ein kurzes Interview mit Initiator Sven Lilienström:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Was ist das primäre Ziel des Climate Vote Project im Vorfeld der Weltklimakonferenz COP 17 in Durban?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CVP: Zunächst einmal werden viele Menschen gar nicht wissen, was  das Kürzel COP 17 überhaupt bedeutet, und dass im November/Dezember 2011 eine Weltklimakonferenz stattfindet. Auch, dass eines der bislang wichtigsten Klimaschutzabkommen - das Kyoto Protokoll - Ende des kommenden Jahres ausläuft, werden viele nicht wissen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Es wird zwar viel über den Klimawandel geredet, sodass wir fast schon einen gefühlten Klimaschutz erleben, doch wirklich passieren tut wenig. Unser Ziel ist es, die Menschen weltweit über das Thema Klimawandel und die Folgen zu informieren und die verantwortlichen Regierungen aufzurufen, verbindliche und weiterführende Klimaschutzmaßnahmen für die Zeit nach 2012 zu beschließen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Wie können 10 Millionen “Likes” helfen, die Regierungen zum Handeln zu bewegen?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CVP: Es gibt viele Petitionen, Proteste und Demonstrationen - nicht nur das Thema Klimawandel betreffend. Die Medien berichten dann darüber – doch die Verantwortlichen nehmen Aktionen nur selten ernst. Es ist daher von entscheidender Bedeutung, eine möglichst große Zahl von Menschen zu mobilisieren, die unsere Forderung nach weiterführenden Klimaschutzmaßnahmen mittragen und unterstreichen. Nur so haben wir die Möglichkeit, von den Verantwortlichen nicht nur gehört sondern auch ernst genommen zu werden. Kein wählbarer Regierungsvertreter auf der COP 17 in Durban wird die berechtigte Forderung von 10 Millionen Menschen kleinreden oder ignorieren können.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Warum denken Sie, dass die Fortführung des Kyoto-Protokolls der richtige Weg ist? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CVP: Wir brauchen eine international solide und verbindliche Vereinbarung und keinen nationalen Minimalkonsens. &lt;br /&gt;Mit dem Kyoto-Protokoll hat sich die internationale Staatengemeinschaft erstmals auf verbindliche Handlungsziele und Umsetzungsinstrumente für den globalen Klimaschutz geeinigt. Dies kann natürlich nur als ein erster Schritt angesehen werden. Mit dem Kyoto-Protokoll sind wir sicherlich auf dem richtigen Weg. Allerdings müssen die Anstrengungen dringend verstärkt und ausgebaut werden. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. Was sind Ihre Befürchtungen, wenn Ende des kommenden Jahres keine Einigung erzielt werden kann?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CVP: So wie es derzeit aussieht, wird es voraussichtlich keine Einigung geben. Angesichts der schon jetzt spürbaren Folgen wie z.B. extreme Wetterphänomene, Überschwemmungen, Hitzeperioden und Dürren - welche laut den Prognosen vieler renommierter Klimaforscher deutlich zunehmen werden - können und sollten wir uns nicht einfach damit abfinden. Denn trotz aller bisherigen Bemühungen hat der CO2-Ausstoss im Jahr 2010 einen absoluten Rekordwert erreicht. Leider werden voraussichtlich die Menschen in den ärmeren Ländern am meisten unter den Folgen der globalen Erwärmung leiden – Völkerwanderungen könnten eine mögliche Konsequenz sein. &lt;br /&gt;Daher sehen wir besonders die führenden Industrienationen und größten CO2-Emittenten, insbesondere die USA und China, in der Pflicht dringend ihrer Verantwortung nachzukommen. Wirtschaftliches Wachstum darf nicht auf Kosten des Weltklimas stattfinden.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5. Wie können soziale Netzwerke wie Facebook dazu beitragen, die Menschen auf die Dringlichkeit von Klimaschutzmaßnahmen aufmerksam zu machen? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CVP: Soziale Netzwerke wie Facebook sind das Kommunikationsmedium der letzten Jahre und gewinnen immer mehr an Bedeutung. Schauen wir nach Ägypten. Die wochenlangen und immer stärkeren Proteste zwangen Präsident Mubarak schließlich zum Rücktritt. Proteste in dieser Intensität und Dauer wurden doch erst aufgrund der starken Vernetzung der meist Jugendlichen durch die Informationskanäle Twitter und Facebook möglich. Soziale Netzwerke verbreiten Informationen und Meinungen rasend schnell rund um den Globus. Daher setzen wir für die Kampagne Climate Vote Project in erster Linie auf soziale Netzwerke. Facebook mit seinen über 700 Millionen Usern weltweit ist für uns das Kommunikationsmedium Nr. 1.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ab sofort können alle Facebook-User durch Anklicken des „Gefällt mir“-Buttons die Kampagne unterstützen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Das Interview finden Sie auch online unter:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.climatevoteproject.org/about-climate-vote-project.html&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Über die Initiative Climate Vote Project:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Das CLIMATE VOTE PROJECT ist eine regierungsunabhängige und privat organisierte Initiative, welche im Sommer 2011 in Deutschland gegründet wurde. Die Initiative CLIMATE VOTE PROJECT vertritt keinerlei wirtschaftliche Interessen. Ziel der Initiative ist es zum einen das kontrovers diskutierte Thema Klimawandel verstärkt ins Bewusstsein der Menschen zu bringen, auf der anderen Seite den Druck auf die verantwortlichen Regierungen zu erhöhen und verstärkte Anstrengungen zur weltweiten CO2-Emission einzufordern.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pressekontakt:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sven Lilienström&lt;br /&gt;Sprecher CLIMATE VOTE PROJECT&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;Web: www.climatevoteproject.org&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-9177577031328603709?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/9177577031328603709/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=9177577031328603709&amp;isPopup=true' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/9177577031328603709'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/9177577031328603709'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/09/das-projekt-climate-vote-project.html' title='Das Projekt &quot;CLIMATE VOTE PROJECT&quot;'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-9141290276438196857</id><published>2011-09-06T17:48:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-09-06T17:48:02.726+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Rasmussesn sun'/><title type='text'>Rasmussen: US belief on GHG and solar effects</title><content type='html'>Quoted from a &lt;a href="http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/current_events/environment_energy/voters_see_sun_as_global_warming_factor_but_blame_humans_more"&gt;recent Rasmussen&amp;nbsp; Report&lt;/a&gt; on a survey among "likely US voters":&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;The latest Rasmussen Reports national telephone survey finds that 60% of  Likely U.S. Voters think it’s at least somewhat likely that the level  of activity on the sun ... has an  impact on the long-term heating and cooling of the earth’s atmosphere.  Just 22% feel that it’s unlikely solar activity influences the  atmosphere’s long-term temperature. &lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;     These findings include 29% who say it’s Very Likely that solar activity  has a long-term impact impacts and only six percent (6%) who believe  it’s Not At All Likely. Seventeen percent (17%) are not sure.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;b&gt;Still, 44% of voters thinks human activity has a bigger impact on the  long-term heating and cooling of the Earth’s atmosphere than solar  activity does. Thirty-seven percent (37%) disagree and believe solar  activity has a greater impact.&lt;/b&gt; Eighteen percent (18%) are not sure.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I was surprised to read that there seem to be just two positions - it is either the sun or GHG; no space for other causes, including internal variability. I had believed that the "skeptics" in the US were only able to persuade large parts of the public that the GHG-explanation of the warming is false or a "hoax", but it seems that they have achieved more, namely that many accept "the sun" as a better explanation.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-9141290276438196857?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/9141290276438196857/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=9141290276438196857&amp;isPopup=true' title='8 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/9141290276438196857'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/9141290276438196857'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/09/rasmussen-us-belief-on-ghg-and-solar.html' title='Rasmussen: US belief on GHG and solar effects'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>8</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-3563053119693061802</id><published>2011-09-05T19:45:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2011-09-06T15:24:51.920+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Bürgerkriege FAS'/><title type='text'>Interview zur Bürgerkriegsstudie in nature</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Andreas Frey von der Frankfurter Allgemeinen Sonntagszeitung befragte mich zu der in Nature erschienenen Studie von Hsiang, Meng und Cane: „Civil conflicts are associated with the global climate“ - &lt;/b&gt;daraus wurde ein &lt;a href="http://coast.hzg.de/staff/storch/Media/110828.fax.clim.deter.-elnino.pdf"&gt; Artikel&lt;/a&gt; in der Ausgabe am 28.8.2011 auf Seite 53&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;Meine Antworten:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Vorab: ich halte diese Studie für einen Witz, der schönste Vorurteile aus der Mottenkiste der Geschichte der Umweltwissenschaft hervorholt. Warum nicht den statistischen Befund umdrehen, und die alte Tatsache, dass Schlachten zu Gewittern führen, als Mechanismus heranziehen, der aus Bürgerkriegen El Nino Ereignisse entstehen lässt? Das könnte man immerhin experimentell nachprüfen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;1. Kann man diese Nature-Studie unter dem Begriff „moderner Klimadeterminismus“ fassen?&lt;/i&gt; – &lt;br /&gt;Eigentlich eher: klassischer Klimadeterminismus in modernem Gewand.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;2. Was halten Sie ganz generell davon, Klima als dominanten und steuernden Faktor auf die Menschheit zu betrachten? Welche Gefahr liegt darin?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ich denke, empirisch ist zunächst klar, dass diese These nicht gilt. Die Gefahr besteht darin, dass wir gesellschaftliche Entwicklungen nicht mehr als zumeist selbstgemacht begreifen, sondern uns extern - quasi gottgleich- aufgegeben werden. Eine Art Verweigerung der Verantwortung für uns selbst.&lt;br /&gt;Ein besonders praktisches Beispiel für klimatischen Determinismus stellt die Episode des Kolonialismus dar, wonach das Klima „im Süden“ so sei, dass sich dort keine wirtschaftliche, religiöse etc. Ordnung entwickeln könne – wg des Klimas! – und so „der Norden“ in brüderlicher Notwendigkeit, nach dem Richtigen zu sehen habe.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;3. Konkret: Ist es unter (klima)wissenschaftlichen Aspekten sinnvoll, das Klima (hier ENSO) in Beziehung zu setzen mit civil conflicts? Vergleicht man hier Komplexität mit Komplexität? &lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ich denke, das macht keinen Sinn. Es hat schon früher solche Studien gegeben, die mal einen Zusammenhang in der einen oder auch in der anderen ergeben haben. Jemand wie Richard Tol hat das mal schön auseinandergenommen. Wird ja auch am Rande erwähnt.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;4. Wenn ich Sie in Ihrem Aufsatz „Klima und Kultur“ (&lt;/i&gt;Stehr, N. and H. von Storch, 2000: &lt;a href="http://coast.gkss.de/staff/storch/pdf/vorgaenge.0009.pdf"&gt;Klima und Kultur.&lt;/a&gt; Vorgänge 39, 100-104)&lt;i&gt; – zwischen den Zeilen – richtig verstanden habe, dann sollten sich Klimawissenschaftler lieber darum bemühen, das System Atmosphäre besser zu verstehen, als solche Studien zu verfassen. Stimmt das? Wenn ja, können Sie kurz ausführen, warum?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ja, sicher – wir als Klimawissenschaft sollten ja die Gesellschaft(en) in den Stand setzen, den eigenen Wertvorstellungen entsprechend den Planet zu „managen“ (was nicht heißen soll, dass die Wissenschaft sagen soll, welche Ziele und Methoden dieses Management einsetzen soll). Dazu muß man wissen, was geschieht, wie variabel das Klimageschehen ist, wie es sich regional darstellt, mit welchen Gefahren es einhergeht, und wie all dies von diversen Faktoren, von der Freisetzung von Substanzen bis zur veränderten Landnutzung, der Fahrrinnenvertiefung der Elbe bis zur Versiegelung städtischer Areale beeinflusst wird.&lt;br /&gt;Eine weitere wichtige Fragestellung bezieht sich darauf, was gesellschaftliche Gruppen warum über das Klima und seine Bedeutung, und den Umgang damit, denken. Wir brauchen eine Kulturgeschichte des Klimas. Erste Ansätze gibt es dazu – etwa das Behringer-Buch, aber auch die Analyse von Stehr und mir. Begriffe, die mir da einfallen, sind Postnormalität und Konkurrenz von Wissensansprüchen, wovon Klimadeterminismus einer ist.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5. &lt;i&gt;ENSO-Zyklen kann man wissenschaftlich sehr gut messen, man hat sie im Griff. Was halten Sie von dem sogenannten Annual Conflict Risk (ACR), dem Maß für civil conflicts)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Diese Technikalität kenne ich nicht so, dass ich mich dazu äußern möchte. Unabhängig davon, ist auch die statistische Analyse mit Schwierigkeiten beladen. Bei der Feststellung, ob eine Korrelation jenseits der Zufälligkeit liegt, muß man auch das Erinnerungsvermögen der beteiligen Systeme berücksichtigen. Im Falle gesellschaftlicher Systeme gibt es da sicher so was, was Physiker „long memory“ nennen. Auch ENSO kennt Phasen verstärkter und verminderter Aktivität. Der&amp;nbsp; behauptete Effekt ist ja um Umfang her auch recht klein. Ich hätte gerne eine explizite Zahl gesehen, die beschreibt, wieviel Prozent der Konflikte NICHTS mit ENSO zu tun haben sollen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6.&lt;i&gt; Krankt diese Studie am kausalen Zusammenhang zwischen ENSO und civil conflicts?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ich denke, man sollte die in die Statistik eingehenden Fälle erst mal darauf abklopfen, welche gesellschaftlich-kulturellen Probleme hinter ihnen stehen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7. &lt;i&gt;El Nino (mostly dry and hot climate in the tropics) und La Nina (mostly wet and cool climate across the tropics = most peaceful climate) sind in meinen Augen viel komplexer, als in dieser Studie dargestellt. Die Dürre in Ostafrika in diesen Wochen wird ja von La Nina ausgelöst – und nicht von El Nino. Wie bewerten sie die Darstellung von ENSO, wird das vereinfacht dargestellt?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Etwas komplexer wird das im Text schon dargestellt; Fallanalysen wären schon nützlich gewesen; die „teleconnections“ sind ja so stabil auch nicht.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-3563053119693061802?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/3563053119693061802/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=3563053119693061802&amp;isPopup=true' title='18 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/3563053119693061802'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/3563053119693061802'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/09/intveriew-zur-burgerkriegsstudie-in.html' title='Interview zur Bürgerkriegsstudie in nature'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>18</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-6910208049885013394</id><published>2011-09-05T19:23:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2011-09-05T19:50:10.984+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Schenk Spencer'/><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;~~&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Posting by Frederik Schenk&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Spencer-Paper leads to Resignation of the publishing Editor-in-Chief&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Some days ago, Prof. Wagner, editor-in-chief of the journal Remote Sensing, took the responsibility for having published the paper of Roy Spencer and resigned from his position:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;“After having become aware of the situation, and studying the various pro and contra arguments, I agree with the critics of the paper. Therefore, I would like to take the responsibility for this editorial decision and, as a result, step down as Editor-in-Chief of the journal Remote Sensing.”&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/3/9/2002/pdf"&gt;Taking Responsibility on Publishing the Controversial Paper “On the Misdiagnosis of Surface Temperature Feedbacks from Variations in Earth’s Radiant Energy Balance” by Spencer and Braswell, Remote Sens. 2011, 3(8), 1603-1613&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Some aspects are quite remarkable here:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1) review process&lt;br /&gt;According to Wagner, the review process was formally correct: &lt;i&gt;Therefore, from a purely formal point of view, there were no errors with the review process&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Not before having published the paper, the problem with the paper became evident: &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;The problem is that comparable studies published by other authors have already been refuted in open discussions and to some extend also in the literature (cf. [7]), a fact which was ignored by Spencer and Braswell in their paper and, unfortunately, not picked up by the reviewers&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The whole story around this issue shows one more time the importance of the blogosphere as a very powerful review process.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2) media hype about the Spencer paper&lt;br /&gt;See also the link above from Wagner. It seems that a lot of people were just waiting for such a story. The motivation behind this extreme hype is remarkable based on the paper. Also interesting: who strongly distributed the story and who didn’t. There seems to be a big gap between scientific results and the interpretation in public (media).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3) the science&lt;br /&gt;The search for the “missing heat” is an ongoing scientific issue and has to face the full complexity of the climate system and problems to measure (or calculate) everything everywhere. The paper by Spencer is one attempt to answer this question touching aspects of the role of clouds, aerosols and CO2 sensitivity – all also highly political questions indeed where scientific evidence is quite uncertain. The launched (?) media hype about his at least uncertain preliminary results (or the agenda based on it) and claims of (summarized from the blogs) having used very short periods and only selected data to dismiss global warming are ongoing. In addition, he is accused of having systematically ignored other partly refuted studies and cherry-picked other data and results.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What should we conclude or learn from this story?&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-6910208049885013394?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/6910208049885013394/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=6910208049885013394&amp;isPopup=true' title='38 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/6910208049885013394'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/6910208049885013394'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/09/posting-by-frederik-schenk-spencer.html' title=''/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>38</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-1103924338132546617</id><published>2011-09-01T21:13:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-09-01T21:13:02.112+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Rasmussen survey'/><title type='text'>Rasmussen Report</title><content type='html'>A new &lt;a href="http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/current_events/environment_energy/41_say_global_warming_causes_extreme_weather_43_disagree"&gt;Rasmussen Report&lt;/a&gt; finds:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"&lt;i&gt;With hurricane season in full swing, Americans have mixed views on whether global warming is behind extreme weather conditions. &lt;br /&gt;A new Rasmussen Reports national telephone survey finds that 41% of  American Adults believe global warming is creating climate changes that  lead to more extreme weather events. Forty-three percent (43%) disagree  with that assessment, while 16% are not sure. &lt;br /&gt;The latest findings show little change from &lt;a href="http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/lifestyle/general_lifestyle/january_2010/64_say_this_winter_is_worst_in_recent_years" target="_self"&gt;January of last year&lt;/a&gt;. However, the number of Americans who feel global warming is linked to extreme weather is down 14 points from &lt;a href="http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/lifestyle/general_lifestyle/june_2008/55_say_global_warming_leads_to_hurricanes" target="_self"&gt;early June 2008&lt;/a&gt; when 55% felt that way.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Still, separate polling shows that 59% say &lt;a href="http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/current_events/environment_energy/energy_update" target="_self"&gt;global warming it at least a somewhat serious problem&lt;/a&gt;. Just 37% do not think climate change is a serious issue. These findings have remained fairly consistent for years now.&lt;/i&gt;"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-1103924338132546617?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/1103924338132546617/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=1103924338132546617&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/1103924338132546617'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/1103924338132546617'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/09/rasmussen-report.html' title='Rasmussen Report'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-682077000438837027</id><published>2011-09-01T21:08:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-09-01T21:08:22.635+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='transdisciplinary'/><title type='text'>Transdisciplinary analysis</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;An analysis of the "climate problem" by a theoretical sociologist, a theoretical physicist and a climate researcher:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;von Storch, H., A. Bunde and N. Stehr, 2011: The Physical Sciences and Climate Politics In J.S. Dyzek, D. Schlosberg, and R. B. Norgaard (eds): The Oxford Handbook of Climate Change and Society. Oxford University Press. Oxford UK, 113-128&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Two major conclusions about the science of climate, and the knowledge about climate may be drawn:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The scientific construct is mostly based on a physical analysis of climate and developed by natural scientists. It describes the left two blocks in the Figure. In the “linear model” the middle blocks, representing social and cultural dynamics, are not taken into account. Instead, once society has given a metric of determining “good” and “less good”, it is simply a matter of understanding the “physical” (incl. economic) system.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wlzFZfiqIt4/Tl_Xu5leY-I/AAAAAAAAAXc/aQ5R8AgN5iM/s1600/perceived-soc-env.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="167" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wlzFZfiqIt4/Tl_Xu5leY-I/AAAAAAAAAXc/aQ5R8AgN5iM/s320/perceived-soc-env.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, the climate scientists are also part of society and not immune to dominant societal conceptions of the nature and the impact of climate and climate change on human conduct, they tend to embed their analysis, especially in efforts to communicate their knowledge to policy makers and society at large in ways which are attentive to the socio-cultural construct of climate and climate change. It is not surprising that in this postnormal situation scientists concerned about the impact of the greenhouse gases, in their desire to save the world, may develop some bias towards an over dramatization. The discussion itself often resembles more a religious than a physics discussion where the non-believers (of the role of the greenhouse gases and their impact) are called “deniers”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One therefore is able to surmise that the transfer of the scientific construct into the societal realm goes along with a subtle transformation of the climate knowledge, by blending the scientific construct with the socio-cultural construct (the middle blocks in the Figure). Obviously, in the model described by the Figure, the basic assumption of physics, that there are given quantifiable laws (linear or non-linear), is not longer valid. Understanding the interaction of climate and society is not only an issue of physical analysis (with laws) but of society/culture analysis (without laws) as well.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Obviously, the situation is not quite that straightforward, it is not easily deconstructed and the interrelations of scientific and everyday construct are difficult to dissemble. To comprehend and disentangle the multiple interactions of science and society in the case of our understanding of climate and climate change is nonetheless a real and worthy scientific and practical challenge. It needs a transdisciplinary approach, bringing together scientists with a solid background in the physics, and scholars who understand societal and knowledge dynamics.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If this helps to implement a better climate policy, with an efficient constraining of climate change and socio-culturally acceptable measures of mitigation and adaptation, it needs to be developed. Summing up, climate science is and should be much more than just the physical analysis.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-682077000438837027?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/682077000438837027/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=682077000438837027&amp;isPopup=true' title='3 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/682077000438837027'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/682077000438837027'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/09/transdisciplinary-analysis.html' title='Transdisciplinary analysis'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wlzFZfiqIt4/Tl_Xu5leY-I/AAAAAAAAAXc/aQ5R8AgN5iM/s72-c/perceived-soc-env.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-3216163861957944130</id><published>2011-08-31T18:03:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-08-31T18:03:27.496+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='mental illness'/><title type='text'>AustralianReport: Mental illness rise linked to climate ?</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;The web-journal "The Sidney Morning Herald" (smh.com.au) has published an article titled  "&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.smh.com.au/environment/mental-illness-rise-linked-to-climate-20110828-1jger.html#ixzz1WcdpcTV9" style="color: #003399;"&gt;Mental illness rise linked to climate&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;". The article begins with "&lt;i&gt;RATES of mental illnesses including depression and post-traumatic  stress will increase as a result of climate change, a report to be  released today says. The paper, prepared for the Climate Institute, says loss  of social cohesion in the wake of severe weather events related to climate change could be linked to increased rates of anxiety,  depression, post-traumatic stress and substance abuse. As many as one in five people reported ''emotional injury, stress and despair'' in the wake of these events.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The report, &lt;b&gt;A Climate of Suffering: The Real Cost of Living with Inaction on Climate Change&lt;/b&gt;, called the past 15 years a &lt;b&gt;preview of life under unrestrained global warming&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I wonder if this is a real story, if the report "Climate of Suffering" has really been published, and if the article gives a correct account. Also, if existing: Who wrote the report? What is the "Climate Institute"? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-3216163861957944130?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/3216163861957944130/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=3216163861957944130&amp;isPopup=true' title='9 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/3216163861957944130'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/3216163861957944130'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/08/australianreport-mental-illness-rise.html' title='AustralianReport: Mental illness rise linked to climate ?'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>9</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-8447042002858227249</id><published>2011-08-17T16:25:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-08-17T16:25:57.518+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Braun'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Modelle'/><title type='text'>Peter Braun:  Einwurf von ganz weit draußen</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;Sehr geehrter Herr Prof. von Storch,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;mit großem Interesse habe ich Ihr &lt;a href="http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/08/interview-with-eduardo-zorita.html"&gt;Interview mit Herrn Prof. Zorita&lt;/a&gt; gelesen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Obwohl ich schon lange nicht mehr aktiv im Metier tätig bin, bewegen mich die grundsätzlichen Fragen dieser Modellierung bis heute und deshalb erlaube ich mir, Ihnen meine Erfahrungen und meinen prinzipiellen Standpunkt zur Modellierung komplexer Prozesse (vornehmlich im Umweltbereich) darzulegen. Meine persönlichen Erfahrungen erstrecken sich zwar hauptsächlich auf die Modellierung hydrologischer und limnologischer Prozesse – es ist aber evident, daß die abgehandelten Gesichtspunkte auch auf die (noch viel komplexeren) Klimamodelle zutreffen. Herr Zorita sprach in dem Interview davon, daß die Gefahr besteht, daß „man sich in das eigene Modell verliebt“. Wir wissen es alle – manchmal macht Liebe blind, weswegen es gewiß nicht schaden kann, sich an einige ernüchternde Wahrheiten zu erinnern. Überhaupt: Einmal inne halten und die Grundlagen des eigenen Tuns  kritisch reflektieren – das tut der wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnis gut und eröffnet mitunter neue Einsichten. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Die zu beschreibenden Prozesse sind hochgradig nichtlinear verkoppelt – ich bin immer wieder erstaunt, mit welcher Lässigkeit die damit verbundenen Probleme behandelt (bzw. ignoriert) werden. Neben vielen anderen Dingen, wie z. B. schlechte Vorhersagbarkeit, ist vor allem daran zu erinnern, daß die inhärenten Nichtlinearitäten emergente Phänomene evozieren können, die ausgesprochen kontraintuitiv sind und den Modellierer bei dem Versuch, den realen (oder vermuteten) Kausalnexus mathematisch nachzubilden, vor erhebliche Probleme stellt – man denke nur an die lästigen Bifurkationen, von noch Schlimmerem, nämlich dem chaotischen Systemverhalten, ganz zu schweigen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1) Ich halte diese Nichtlinearitäten beim heutigen Stande der Forschung für eine prinzipielle Erkenntnisschranke. Bekanntlich gibt es für nichtlineare Systeme i. allg. keinen Existenz – und Eindeutigkeitssatz der Lösungen. Die Diskretisierung und die anschließende Numerik zur Gewinnung von „Lösungen“ der PDF´s ist zwar technisch hoch entwickelt (obwohl es da auch noch einiges anzumerken gäbe), man übersieht aber leider nur all zu oft, daß man es mit Modellen deskriptiven (konzeptionellen) Charakters zu tun hat, denen eines sicher fehlt : Mathematische Stringenz im Sinne der fundamentalen Gesetze der Theoretischen Physik (Symmetrien, Extremalprinzipien, Wirkungsfunktionale ….). Es ist eine schlichte Tatsache (und wird ebenso oft verdrängt), daß die „Flußgleichungen“ (dynamische Gleichungen) z. B. nicht aus einem Extremalprinzip hergeleitet werden können (was in der Grundlagenphysik bekanntlich die Regel ist und die daraus abzuleitenden Schlüsse absolut zwingend machen). Das bedeutet auch, daß „unsere“ Modelle vieles beschreiben, aber wenig erklären können.&lt;br /&gt;2) Die „Linken Seiten“ der PDF´s sind zwar mathematisch plausibel begründete differentielle Formulierungen von Erhaltungssätzen (Kontinuitätsgleichungen) für Konzentrationen , Masse, Impuls, Energie usw. – die „Rechten Seiten“&amp;nbsp; sind aber sehr „weiche“ Beschreibungen von Quell – und Senkenprozessen, die oftmals nur empirisch (statistisch) abgeleitet werden. Oftmals werden sie auch nur als „Restgrößen“ der differentiellen Bilanzgleichungen formuliert – aus Mangel an direkten Meßmöglichkeiten. Die mathematisch korrekte Formulierung der differentiellen Identitäten auf den „linken Seiten“ der PDF´s führt nach meiner Erfahrung manchmal zu dem irreführenden Schluß, man habe es mit „physikalisch begründeten Modellen“ zu tun.&lt;br /&gt;3) Allein die Tatsache, daß man es in der Hydrologie und in der Limnologie mit zahlreichen, z. T. sehr unterschiedlichen Modellen zur Lösung derselben Aufgaben zu hat, ist doch ein klarere Hinweis darauf, daß es bis dato keinen verbindlichen validen theoretischen Deutungsrahmen gibt. In den bekannten Modellen sind es insbesondere die „Rechten Seiten“, die fast ausschließlich empirisch (oder bestenfalls halbempirisch im Sinne von „Grey Boxes“) die wesentlichen Prozesse codieren (Evapotranspiration, Versickerung, Abflußkonzentration, Bodenwasserhaushalt usw.). Es scheint mir, daß die Situation bei den „Klimamodellen“ ähnlich ist, nur daß hier wegen der dramatisch anstiegenden Zahl relevanter Prozesse und Zustansgrößen die Probleme noch größer sein dürften.&lt;br /&gt;4) Eine ganz prinzipielle Schwierigkeit ist die Diskretisierung der Parameterfelder (Regionalisierung). Obwohl die qualitative Attributierung von Oberflächendaten in einem großen Einzugsgebiet (typischerweise mehrere tausend qkm2) dank moderner Satellitentechnik wesentlich erleichtert wurde, ist die anschließende Zuordnung zu quantitativen Parametern bis heute reine Empirie. Die Übertragung von Befunden an Modellflächen schafft keine wirkliche Abhilfe: Es wurden zwar große Anstrengungen in dieser Richtung unternommen (Lysimeterversuche, Modellgebiete usw.) – das Grundproblem der Übertragung von Gebietskennwerten ist damit natürlich nicht gelöst, sondern nur heuristisch entschärft (und gegenüber evtl. Auftraggebern „scheinobjektiviert“).&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;5) Ich fand (leider nicht publiziert), daß die Diskretisierungen relevanter Parameterfelder nach einem Potenzgesetz skalieren. Leider ist es ja in den meisten Fällen so, daß man bei Parameterfeldern die Maschenweite des Diskretisierungsfeldes nich beliebig variieren kann (Meßaufwand, Kosten …). Es wäre deshalb zu schön gewesen, auf Grund gefundener Selbstähnlichkeiten die Maschenweite des Parameterfeldes situationsadäquat anpassen zu können. Leider galten für jeden Parameter unterschiedliche Skalenexponenten, so daß das Auffinden einer „optimalen“ Maschenweite für die räumliche Diskretisierung eines Modells aussichtslos war. Die simulierte Dynamik hing dann auch tatsächlich von der Diskretisierung ab&amp;nbsp; - ein hübsches Beispiel für „Numerische Dispersion“, an die nur in den wenigsten Fällen gedacht wird (leider meine Beobachtung). Ich bin bis heute neugierig, einmal Outputs von Klimamodellen als Funktion der räumlichen Diskretisierung zu sehen (wobei ich „nur“ die Oberflächenparamter im Auge hätte, die vertikale Schichtung der Modelle dürfte unter Skalierungsgesichtspunkten ohnehin ein ganz eigenes Thema sein).&lt;br /&gt;6) Die explosionsartige Verbreitung geradezu abenteuerlich komplexer Modellkonstrukte&amp;nbsp; korreliert eher mit der verfügbaren Hardware als mit der gewachsenen Einsicht und physikalischen Begründbarkeit der Prozeßbeschreibungen. Mitunter sind weniger komplexe Beschreibungen (geringere Zahl der Zustandsgrößen), gemessen an bestimmten „Güteparametern“, z. B. quadratische Abstandsnormen) „besser“ als die komplexer „Modelle“ (die manchmal sehr „gestöpselt“ wirken).&lt;br /&gt;7) Kurz: Von objektivierbaren, mathematisch stringenten Modellen sind wir himmelweit entfernt!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Um nicht falsch verstanden zu werden: Die Modelle sind auch in meinen Augen ein mächtiges Hilfsmittel zur Beschreibung komplexer realer Zusammenhänge. Sie codieren in einer effizienten Sprache (der Mathematik) diejenigen Teile unseres Wissens, die irgendwie quantifizierbar sind. Allerdings sollte uns immer klar sein,  daß dies keine Modelle sind, deren Stringenz aus übergeordneten physikalischen Prinzipien deduktiv folgt, sondern zum gut Teil der Erfahrung geschuldet ist, welche Prozeßbeschreibung zu welcher Fragestellung wohl am besten „paßt“. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Zusammengefaßt ergibt sich:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a) Eine vollständige Abbildung des realen Kausalnexus ist bei unserem heutigen Wissenstand nicht möglich – vor allem wg. der inhärenten massiven Nichtlinearitäten und der großen Komplexität der wechselwirkenden Prozesse&lt;br /&gt;b) Trotzdem liegt der Wert der Modelle  vor allem darin, daß man auch nichtlineare (kontraintuitive) Zusammenhänge darstellen kann und sie für andere nachvollziehbar (transparent) macht – in diesem Sinne ein schwaches Maß der Objektivierbarkeit liefert. Die Modelle codieren das Sachwissen über die involvierten Prozesse nach dem neuesten Erkenntnisstand (wenn sie gut sind) – sie sind sowohl kritisierbar als auch verbesserungsfähig – sofern wirklich bessere Prozeßkenntnisse (und nicht nur neuere Formulierungen bekannter Prozeßbeschreibungen) vorliegen.&lt;br /&gt;c) Lösungen dieser Modelle liefern „Anhaltspunkte“ für das, was in komplexen nichtlinearen Systemen „passieren“ könnte, nicht aber eine Antizipation der Zukunft! Es sind lediglich „Intelligenzverstärker“, weil unser (weithin linear funktionierendes Gehirn) hochgradig nichtlinear vernetzte Zusammenhänge so gut wie gar nicht erfassen kann. &lt;br /&gt;d) Bei Modellen mit biochemischem oder&amp;nbsp; limnologischen Hintergrund werden die Dinge um Größenordnungen komplizierter: Wie bildet man biologische Sachverhalte (Adaption, Auslese durch Konkurrenz, mehrdimensionale Abhängigkeiten der Wachstumsraten beteiligter Spezies, evolutiv herausgebildete emergente „ökologische Nischen“) adäquat ab? Die am Markt befindlichen Räuber – Beute – Modelle sind zwar plausibel , aber für subtile evolutive Leistungen der Biozönose viel zu primitiv (es gibt bis heute kein einleuchtendes Extremalprinzip für diese Evolution, wenn es das überhaupt geben sollte: Wenn ja, dann wäre das Zielfunktional wahrscheinlich mehrdimensional und durch wechselseitige Beeinflussung der Zielgrößen gekennzeichnet).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Na, soviel dazu. Ein weiteres, bestimmt genau so wichtiges Problem ist die Statistik der Phänomene (wenn man sie denn schon nicht kausal beschreiben kann). Am Anfang dieser Betrachtung möchte ich eine gehässige Frage stellen: Wie „breit“ muß ich ein Beobachtungsfenster auf einer Zeitreihe „machen“, um einen „Trend“ zu detektieren (womöglich noch einen, der in mein Weltbild paßt?). &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Es ist – dank der Arbeiten von Armin Bunde in Giessen  - absolut klar, daß sowohl meteorologische als auch hydrologische Zeitreihen langzeitkorreliert sind. Dies hat für die Verteilungsmuster dieser Zufallsprozesse tiefgreifende Konsequenzen – einen Punkt, den ich hier aus Platzgründen aussparen möchte. Im Zusammenhang mit der Trenddetektion entsteht aber die grundlegende Frage: Wie kann man (extern induzierte) „Trends“ von zufälligen (intrinsischen) Langzeitkorrelationen unterscheiden? Diese Frage ist deshalb so bedeutungsvoll, weil Langzeitkorrelationen einen „Trend“ imitieren, der keine reale externe Ursache hat! Erst jüngst ist es dieser Gruppe gelungen, ein statistisches Verfahren zur Detektion von „Trends“ bei gleichzeitigem Vorliegen von Langzeitkorrelationen auszuarbeiten (Klimadaten, Abflußzeitreihen). Ein Kontrapunkt gegen so manche „gestöpselte Bedarfsstatistik“, wie man sie bei Klimadebatten öfter findet.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Die größte Gefahr liegt allerdings in der aktiven Rolle der Politik im „Klimageschäft“. Dort haben heute „Religionsstifter“ die Meinungsführerschaft übernommen, eine Situation, die mich an Lyssenkow (Stalins Hofwissenschftler), aber auch die Inquisition erinnert: Die „Häretiker“ behalten heute zwar ihren Kopf auf der Schulter, werden aber mit sehr wirksamen Methoden aus dem Nest geworfen. Man verweigert ihnen einfach die Finanzierung. Es genügt nur ein oberflächlicher Blick in die Wissenschaftsgeschichte, daß dies allemal eine sehr mißliche, der Erkenntnisfindung höchst abträgliche Situation ist. Ich hoffe gezeigt zu haben, daß die Probleme, mit denen man  bei der Modellierung komplexer nichtlinearer Systeme konfrontiert wird, so schwierig sind, daß es zu deren Lösung nur eine vernünftige Strategie geben kann: Angestrengte, kooperative Arbeit unterschiedlicher Disziplinen – flankiert von einer gehörigen Portion kritischer Selbstreflexion, um die Bodenhaftung nicht zu verlieren! Die Politik hat gewiß eminent wichtige Aufgaben (vor allem jetzt) – die Festlegung der Wissenschaftsagenda in der Umweltforschung gehört bestimmt nicht dazu!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Peter Braun&lt;br /&gt;Potsdam&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-8447042002858227249?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/8447042002858227249/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=8447042002858227249&amp;isPopup=true' title='18 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/8447042002858227249'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/8447042002858227249'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/08/peter-braun-einwurf-von-ganz-weit.html' title='Peter Braun:  Einwurf von ganz weit draußen'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>18</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-633793197509357363</id><published>2011-08-11T15:44:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-08-11T15:44:08.379+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Eduardo Zorita interview'/><title type='text'>Interview with Eduardo Zorita</title><content type='html'>In a series of interviews with participants of the Climate Science Center of Excellence CliSAP in Hamburg, Mike Schäfer and Hans von Storch have interviewed Eduardo Zorita (as #5 so far). The interview is available in English and German.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;See &lt;a href="http://www.klimacampus.de/1961.html"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-633793197509357363?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/633793197509357363/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=633793197509357363&amp;isPopup=true' title='5 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/633793197509357363'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/633793197509357363'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/08/interview-with-eduardo-zorita.html' title='Interview with Eduardo Zorita'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>5</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-8654904630460789897</id><published>2011-08-08T14:07:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-08-08T14:07:44.775+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Spiegel'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='2009'/><title type='text'>Text von März 2009: Vom Ende des Alarmismus</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;Im März 2009 veröffentlichte der SPIEGEL unter dem Titel &lt;a href="http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/natur/0,1518,614317,00.html" target="top"&gt;Vom Ende des Alarmismus&lt;/a&gt; in der Serie "Nachhaltigkeit"; der Text wurde von dieser Schlußbemerkung abgerundet:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"&lt;i&gt;In diesem pessimistischen, aber vielleicht nicht unrealistischen  Szenario, würde die Klimaforschung die gegenwärtige Aufmerksamkeit der  Öffentlichkeit verlieren - trotz eines langen Feuerwerks immer wieder  neu entdeckter Gefahren und in Aussicht gestellter Weltuntergänge. Am  Ende stünde ein Rückzug auf die von den Wetterdiensten betriebenen  Überwachungsaufgaben, spannende Nischenforschung im Elfenbeinturm und  versprengte übriggebliebene Alarmisten.&lt;/i&gt;"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jetzt, nach mehr als 2 Jahren - ist diese Perspektive noch mehr daneben als damals, oder vielleicht doch eine Vermutung, die mit der gegenwärtigen Entwicklung konsistent ist? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(Ich meine zu erinnern, dass die Eröffnung am Anfang des Artikels vom SPIEGEL dazu gesetzt wurde.)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-8654904630460789897?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/8654904630460789897/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=8654904630460789897&amp;isPopup=true' title='8 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/8654904630460789897'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/8654904630460789897'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/08/text-von-marz-2009-vom-ende-des.html' title='Text von März 2009: Vom Ende des Alarmismus'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>8</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-1792996105167741003</id><published>2011-08-08T11:29:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-08-08T11:29:36.847+02:00</updated><title type='text'>C. A. Katsman and G. J. van Oldenborgh (2011), Tracing the upper ocean's “missing heat” , Geophys. Res. Lett. , 38 , L14610, doi:10.1029/2011GL048417</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;I find this an interesting study, as it deals with the probability of having stagnant periods in the warming - at least in the artificial world of climate models, where we know that the increase in GHGs has a significant effect (even if skeptics may want to argue: falsely so):&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Abstract reads:&lt;br /&gt;"Over the period 2003–2010, the upper ocean has not gained any heat,  despite the general expectation that the ocean will absorb most of the  Earth's current radiative imbalance. Answering to what extent this heat  was transferred to other components of the climate system and by what  process(‐es) gets to the essence of understanding climate change. Direct  heat flux observations are too inaccurate to assess such exchanges. In  this study we therefore trace these heat budget variations by analyzing  an ensemble of climate model simulations. The analysis reveals that an  8‐yr period without upper ocean warming is not exceptional. It is  explained by increased radiation to space (45%), largely as a result of  El Niño variability on decadal timescales, and by increased ocean  warming at larger depths (35%), partly due to a decrease in the strength  of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Recently‐observed  changes in these two large‐scale modes of climate variability point to  an upcoming resumption of the upward trend in upper ocean heat content."&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-1792996105167741003?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/1792996105167741003/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=1792996105167741003&amp;isPopup=true' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/1792996105167741003'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/1792996105167741003'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/08/c-katsman-and-g-j-van-oldenborgh-2011.html' title='C. A. Katsman and G. J. van Oldenborgh (2011), Tracing the upper ocean&apos;s “missing heat” , Geophys. Res. Lett. , 38 , L14610, doi:10.1029/2011GL048417'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-1687308321936262189</id><published>2011-08-05T11:41:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-08-05T11:41:53.018+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Hans von Storch has questions on Rasmusson report on US belief in climate scientists</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/current_events/environment_energy/69_say_it_s_likely_scientists_have_falsified_global_warming_research"&gt;69% Say It’s Likely Scientists Have Falsified Global Warming Research&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"While a majority of Americans nationwide continue to  acknowledge significant disagreement about global warming in the  scientific community, most go even further to say some scientists  falsify data to support their own beliefs."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;My questions:&lt;br /&gt;a) Is there a reason to consider the institution behind the Rasmusson report to be biased or partisan?&lt;br /&gt;b) When reference is made to December 2009 - is that a reference before the "crisis" of climate science related to IPCC, stolen/leaked e-mails and failed COP-15?&lt;br /&gt;c) One may argue that the US is something very different from other parts of the world (also of the western world).&amp;nbsp; - is there evidence how the public opinion has changed in other parts of the world?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-1687308321936262189?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/1687308321936262189/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=1687308321936262189&amp;isPopup=true' title='29 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/1687308321936262189'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/1687308321936262189'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/08/hans-von-storch-has-questions-on.html' title='Hans von Storch has questions on Rasmusson report on US belief in climate scientists'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>29</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-4923544089766178224</id><published>2011-08-02T18:06:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2011-08-02T18:15:03.911+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='survey Heartland'/><title type='text'>Bray and von Storch on Tollefson's piece in nature</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;RE: &lt;b&gt;‘The Sceptic Meets His match' (Nature vol 475 28 July 2011: 440-441), Jeff Tollefson.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the recent issue of nature (vol 475 28 July 2011), Jeff Tollefson reported about a pamphlet of the Heartland Institute from 2007.&amp;nbsp; Results from our 2003 survey among climate scientists were used for the statement&amp;nbsp; “The survey clearly shows that the debate over why climate is changing is still underway, with nearly half of the climate scientists disagreeing with what is often claimed to be a ‘consensus view’”. Tollefson goes on to accurately state that “In the survey, nearly 56% of climate scientists agreed that human activity is causing climate change, 14% were unsure and 30% disagreed”.&amp;nbsp; Tollefson also goes on to state that Bast [founder of the Heartland Institute] “dismisses the findings of a follow up survey by Bray and von Storch [this is our 2008 survey] which found that more than 85% of the responding scientists agreed that human activity is behind climate change.” - also an accurate interpretation of the survey data.&amp;nbsp;Tollefson spoke to one of us (HvS), and we find his research done well.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The full surveys, from 1996, 2003 and 2007 are all available on-line (Bray, D., and H. von Storch, 2010: &lt;a href="http://coast.hzg.de/staff/storch/pdf/GKSS_2010_9.CLISCI.pdf"&gt;CliSci2008: A Survey of the Perspectives of Climate Scientists Concerning Climate Science and Climate Change&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;i&gt;GKSS Report 2010/9,&lt;/i&gt; and Bray, D. and H. von Storch, 2007: &lt;a href="http://coast.hzg.de/staff/storch/pdf/%20GKSS_2007_11.pdf"&gt;Climate Scientists’ Perceptions of Climate Change Science&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;i&gt;GKSS-Report&lt;/i&gt; 11/2007).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DkMouZPEK4o/TjgewPGSIzI/AAAAAAAAAXY/uS-998JiQSM/s1600/manfestation-attribution.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="189" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DkMouZPEK4o/TjgewPGSIzI/AAAAAAAAAXY/uS-998JiQSM/s320/manfestation-attribution.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The changing agreement over time among climate scientists about the existence of a warming (manifestation) and about the dominant cause (namely GHGs; "attribution") is displayed in this diagram, which is taken from the 2010-study by Dennis Bray (Bray, D.: The scientific consensus of climate change revisited. &lt;i&gt;Environ. Sci. Policy &lt;/i&gt;(2010), doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2010.04.001)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tollefson’s article talks about ‘dimensions’ of consensus as consensus is not as clear cut as often portrayed. &amp;nbsp;From our surveys we have learned that some ‘dimensions’ of ‘consensus’ have increased, others have decreased. In particular for the two key dimensions &lt;b&gt;manifestation of climate change&lt;/b&gt;, that it is happening regardless of what is causing it, as well as &lt;b&gt;attribution to human activities&lt;/b&gt;, consensus has increased among climate scientists since the beginning of our surveying.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What has recently decreased is the &lt;b&gt;“legitimation” of the IPCC&lt;/b&gt; as representing this consensus, because in recent years an opposition has formed which asserts that the IPCC is underestimating the severity of the change (see Bray, 2010). From our own observations of discussions among climate scientists we also find hardly consensus on many other issues, ranging from changing hurricane statistics to the speed of melting Greenland and Antarctica, spreading of diseases and causing mass migration and wars.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We will continue surveying climate scientists about their view and opinions on climate change and climate policies.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-4923544089766178224?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/4923544089766178224/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=4923544089766178224&amp;isPopup=true' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/4923544089766178224'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/4923544089766178224'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/08/bray-and-von-storch-on-tollefsons-piece.html' title='Bray and von Storch on Tollefson&apos;s piece in nature'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DkMouZPEK4o/TjgewPGSIzI/AAAAAAAAAXY/uS-998JiQSM/s72-c/manfestation-attribution.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-4119939114778745248</id><published>2011-07-31T15:53:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-07-31T15:53:21.506+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Interview mit Hans von Storch zum Sommer in Norddeutschland 2011</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Das folgenden Fragen stellte das Schleswig Holstein Zeitung (SHZ), aus dem dann ein Interview "Starkregen wird zunehmen" auch auf dem &lt;a href="http://www.shz.de/schleswig-holstein-am-sonntag/artikeldetail-shs/article//starkregen-wird-zunehmen.html%3Cb%3E"&gt;web veröffentlicht&lt;/a&gt; wurde. Meine Antworten wurden aus Platzgründen gekürzt (mit meinem ok), aber vielleicht interessieren doch die Langantworten:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;1.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Die Deutschen beklagen sich über zu wenig Sommer. Der Deutsche Wetterdienst (DWD) erklärt dagegen, der Erwärmungstrend in den ersten sechs Monaten 2011 sei weltweit ungebrochen. Wie passt das zusammen?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wenn von Erwärmungstrend die Rede ist, wird damit die globale Situation bezeichnet – in Regionen, wie Nordeuropa sind die Schwankungen von Jahr zu Jahr weiterhin groß. Wenn wir Klimatologen von „Erwärmung“ reden, dann meinen wir nicht, dass jeder Sommer oder jeder Winter wärmer als z.B. das 1960-90 „Normal“ sein wird, sondern nur, dass es mehr als früher sein werden, also häufiger als die&amp;nbsp; Hälfte aller Fälle. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ich bin derzeit in Dänemark in meinem Sommerhaus, und erfreue mich an der Darstellung in meiner hiesigen Zeitung, die jeden Tag die aktuelle Temperaturentwicklung zeigt – relativ zum Mittelwert 1960-90 – und ich versichere Ihnen, wir sind bis auf das letzte Wochenende immer höher als in der Normalperiode, meist um 2-3 Grad. Das war auch in den vergangenen Sommern so. Ich versichere Ihnen auch, dass ich als über 60-jähriger alle schleswig-holsteinischen Sommer 1961-1990 miterlebt habe, und da gab es viele wirklich miserable Sommer, gegen die&amp;nbsp; der derzeitige Sommer geradezu herrlich ist.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;2. Wodurch wird dieser Wärmetrend ausgelöst?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mit unserem derzeitigen Wissen über das Funktionieren des Klimasystems können wir die globale Erwärmung nur durch den menschgemachte Treibhauseffekt erklären. Weitere Wirkfaktoren spielen dagegen nur eine untergeordnete Rolle.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;3. Was werden langfristig die Folgen sein?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Unser Wissen erlaubt uns Aussagen, die sich in ihrer Sicherheit unterscheiden. Ganz sicher ist die Fortsetzung der Erwärmung, weniger Meereis, höherer Meeresspiegel. Sicher ist: mehr Starkregen. Gestritten wird über Fragen, was derzeit und in Zukunft mit den tropischen Wirbelstürmen passiert, in welchem Maße die Wasservorräte der Antarktis und Grönlands abschmelzen werden. Unwahrscheinlich erscheint es, dass zumindest in Nordeuropa die Sturmtätigkeit sich wesentlich ändern wird.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Es wird noch oft spekuliert, dass sich alle Art von Krankheiten sich ausbreiten werden, dass es Flüchtlingsströme und Klimakriege geben würde. Dies beruht auf der sehr einfachen Sichtweise des klimatischen Determinismus, wonach nämlich nicht der Mensch solche Aspekte des Zusammenlebens bestimmen würde. Immerhin hatten wir in Nordeuropa vor 300 Jahren Malaria, die seit dem ausgerottet wurde –obwohl es wärmer und nicht etwa kälter geworden ist. Hier wird aus Gründen der politischen Opportunität eine Menge Unsinn geredet.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;4. Wie wirkt sich der Klimawandel schon jetzt bzw. bald auf Schleswig-Holstein aus?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Flensburg wird sich temperaturmässig an Basel annähern; daran gekoppelt ist eine Abnahme von Meereis im Winter in der Ostsee. Plausibel ist die Zunahme an Starkregenereignissen; langfristig erwarten wir für Norddeutschland in der Summe mehr Niederschlag im Winter und weniger im Sommer. Stürme bleiben im Wesentlichen auf dem gegenwärtigen Niveau.&amp;nbsp; Das &lt;a href="http://www.norddeutsches-klimabuero.de/"&gt;Norddeutsche Klimabüro&lt;/a&gt; beschreibt diese möglichen Zukünfte in seinem &lt;a href="http://www.norddeutscher-klimaatlas.de/"&gt;Norddeutschen Klimaatlas&lt;/a&gt; in einer auch für Laien gut verständlichen Weise.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Besonderes Augenmerk richten wir auf die Frage der Sturmfluten – wir schätzen, die können sich bis 2030 um 20-30 cm erhöhen, bis Ende des Jahrhunderts aber immerhin um 30-110 cm. Dies bedeutet, dass zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt keine akute zusätzliche Gefährdung vorliegt, wohl aber der bisherige Küstenschutz auf hohem Niveau gesichert werden muss. Dies geschieht auch. Später in diesem Jahrhundert kann sich aber ein erhebliches zusätzliches Risiko ergeben – und Schleswig-Holstein sollte die Zeit jetzt nutzen, um mit der Bevölkerung die Möglichkeiten und Notwendigkeiten für zukünftige Maßnahmen erörtern.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;5. Wie ließe sich der Trend noch aufhalten?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;„Aufhalten“ oder „stoppen“ lässt sich der menschgemachte Klimawandel derzeit nicht. Das ist politische Rhetorik. Er lässt sich aber verlangsamen – theoretisch durch die Verminderung der weltweiten Emissionen. Da dies aber für die nächsten Jahrzehnte praktisch unmöglich ist, sollte man versuchen, den Anstieg der Emissionen zu vermindern. In anderen Worten: wir können nicht bremsen, aber immerhin deutlich schwächer&amp;nbsp; auf das Gaspedal treten. Wenn wir dies sehr erfolgreich täten – was ich persönlich als unmöglich ansehe – dann schaffen wir es, den Klimawandel auf 2 Grad (in der globalen Lufttemperatur) zu beschränken. Dies würde bedeuten, dass wir noch mal 1.3 Grad bis zum Ende des Jahrhunderts dazulegen werden – was&amp;nbsp; erhebliche Klimaänderungen mit sich bringen würde. Für Schleswig-Holstein bedeutet dies: Vermindern der Emissionen im Rahmen einer internationalen Solidarität, aber im Wissen, dass dies allein gar nichts bringt,&amp;nbsp; und Verminderung der Anfälligkeit des Landes gegen Klimagefahren durch kluge Anpassung.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-4119939114778745248?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/4119939114778745248/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=4119939114778745248&amp;isPopup=true' title='24 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/4119939114778745248'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/4119939114778745248'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/07/interview-mit-hans-von-storch-zum.html' title='Interview mit Hans von Storch zum Sommer in Norddeutschland 2011'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>24</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-4250177736547097029</id><published>2011-07-26T11:10:00.004+02:00</published><updated>2011-07-26T12:55:48.559+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Senses of climate</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-h43RGlyCbd4/Ti6IRVs0pRI/AAAAAAAABTc/TXWB6ZDfomw/s1600/eliasson+pekin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="212" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-h43RGlyCbd4/Ti6IRVs0pRI/AAAAAAAABTc/TXWB6ZDfomw/s320/eliasson+pekin.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;(&lt;a href="http://www.google.de/imgres?imgurl=http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ruWNVFNtHoc/TABPwh4-hdI/AAAAAAAADzQ/kpHjd87yMZQ/s1600/eliasson%2Bpekin.jpg&amp;amp;imgrefurl=http://maaagdalenka.blogspot.com/2010/05/your-atmospheric-colour-atlas-by-olafur.html&amp;amp;usg=__K7Lh3SnPV_0cfc-dtVD-V2hmVdo=&amp;amp;h=406&amp;amp;w=610&amp;amp;sz=32&amp;amp;hl=de&amp;amp;start=111&amp;amp;sig2=7NUuGnKuAdBmIf8F_ulKDA&amp;amp;zoom=1&amp;amp;tbnid=6fy86PIehNIi2M:&amp;amp;tbnh=147&amp;amp;tbnw=196&amp;amp;ei=M4cuTtbUGIKr-QbAlJXLDg&amp;amp;prev=/search%3Fq%3Deliasson%26hl%3Dde%26sa%3DX%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D666%26tbm%3Disch&amp;amp;itbs=1&amp;amp;iact=hc&amp;amp;vpx=384&amp;amp;vpy=245&amp;amp;dur=4798&amp;amp;hovh=183&amp;amp;hovw=275&amp;amp;tx=142&amp;amp;ty=129&amp;amp;page=8&amp;amp;ndsp=15&amp;amp;ved=1t:429,r:11,s:111"&gt;Your atmospheric colour atlas&lt;/a&gt;, by Olafur Eliasson)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7KSw0u9NpnY/Ti6CbTQf47I/AAAAAAAABTY/iKII9TKwsi0/s1600/Foam.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;It is often said that one of the problems with communicating climate change is that you cannot feel or see climate. Climate is, as scientists never cease to explain, the statistics of weather. This is, of course, a working definition for climate sciences. But is this the only one? Or are there other working definitions imaginable, let's say for cultural sciences, for poetry, for art, for literature, or for history? Isn't&amp;nbsp; it also possible to "sense" climate, to experience it, to feel it, to touch it?&amp;nbsp; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Wikipedia says: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"&lt;b&gt;Climate&lt;/b&gt; encompasses the statistics of &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature"&gt;temperature&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidity" title="Humidity"&gt;humidity&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_pressure" title="Atmospheric pressure"&gt;atmospheric pressure&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind" title="Wind"&gt;wind&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainfall" title="Rainfall"&gt;rainfall&lt;/a&gt;, atmospheric particle count and other &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorology" title="Meteorology"&gt;meteorological&lt;/a&gt; elemental measurements in a given region over long periods. Climate can be contrasted to &lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weather" title="Weather"&gt;weather&lt;/a&gt;, which is the present condition of these elements and their variations over shorter periods."&lt;br /&gt;Now it's vacation time, and some of us temporarily change climate zones. When you come from Germany and leave the airplane in a subtropical region, you indeed experience "climate" and not only weather. And you will do so as long as you stay. Your senses know that there won't be any German weather as long as you stay. Everything, atmospheric pressure, the light, the sky, humidity will tell you that this is a different climate - independent of the current weather, if rain or shine.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is just one example. When you lay down on your back and look at the sky, it's not only weather you see. You indeed can see and feel humidity, atmosphere, light, clouds, and "space" - which is, according to wikipedia, the present condition of weather,&amp;nbsp; but it is not "weather" you see.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In English there is the expression of "climate envelope". We live inside an envelope, which is something different from weather. Seen from this perspective, climate indeed is more than statistics only; it is something which is alive, almost visible, something you can feel or sense.&lt;br /&gt;I know, this is a real non-natural-science question, and I risk my reputation in asking this, but here it is: Can we feel climate? Can we add examples of "senses of climate" to the "statistics of weather"? Does it make sense to say that the separation of climate from experience is nothing but another attempt to solve a problem (here: climate change) exclusively via technology and (social) engineering?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-GMEw9TqFw2M/Ti6ImVF4rOI/AAAAAAAABTg/VlG701AXZQI/s1600/feelings-are-facts-02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="212" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-GMEw9TqFw2M/Ti6ImVF4rOI/AAAAAAAABTg/VlG701AXZQI/s320/feelings-are-facts-02.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Feelings are facts, Olafur Eliasson)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-4250177736547097029?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/4250177736547097029/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=4250177736547097029&amp;isPopup=true' title='18 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/4250177736547097029'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/4250177736547097029'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/07/senses-of-climate.html' title='Senses of climate'/><author><name>Werner Krauss</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15094636819952421339</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-h43RGlyCbd4/Ti6IRVs0pRI/AAAAAAAABTc/TXWB6ZDfomw/s72-c/eliasson+pekin.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>18</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-8937083985315260496</id><published>2011-07-20T12:15:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-07-20T12:15:15.738+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='UN'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Germany'/><title type='text'>German statement in the  UN on the imapct of climate change</title><content type='html'>&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;A reader suggested that we share this document on the Klimazwiebel - namely a &lt;/span&gt;"&lt;em&gt;Concept Note for the Open Debate of the Security Council on 19 July 2011":&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.new-york-un.diplo.de/Vertretung/newyorkvn/en/__pr/Press_20releases/PM__2011/110719_20Impact_20of_20Climate_20Change.html?archive=2990092"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Maintenance of international peace and security - the impact of climate change&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;by the The Permanent Mission of Germany to the United Nations New York&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-8937083985315260496?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/8937083985315260496/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=8937083985315260496&amp;isPopup=true' title='5 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/8937083985315260496'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/8937083985315260496'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/07/german-statement-in-un-on-imapct-of.html' title='German statement in the  UN on the imapct of climate change'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>5</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-6469153692010563188</id><published>2011-07-20T12:04:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-07-20T12:04:54.682+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='coding errors'/><title type='text'>Coding errors - how many errors are on average in a lengthy code?</title><content type='html'>This problem is discussed on this &lt;a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/862277/what-is-the-industry-standard-for-bugs-per-1000-lines-of-code"&gt;webpage&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;One statement there reads: &lt;br /&gt;The book by Steve McDonnell (Code Complete, 2nd Edition. Redmond, Wa.: Microsoft Press, 2004. 960 pages. ISBN: 0735619670} &lt;i&gt;has a brief section about error expectations. He basically says that the range of possibilities can be as follows:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;(a) Industry Average: "about 15 - 50 errors per 1000 lines of delivered code." He further says this is usually representative of code that has some level of structured programming behind it, but probably includes a mix of coding techniques.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;(b) Microsoft Applications: "about 10 - 20 defects per 1000 lines of code during in-house testing, and 0.5 defect per KLOC (KLOC IS CALLED AS 1000 lines of code) in released product (Moore 1992)." He attributes this to a combination of code-reading techniques and independent testing (discussed further in another chapter of his book).&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;(c) "Harlan Mills pioneered 'cleanroom development', a technique that has been able to achieve rates as low as 3 defects per 1000 lines of code during in-house testing and 0.1 defect per 1000 lines of code in released product (Cobb and Mills 1990). A few projects - for example, the space-shuttle software - have achieved a level of 0 defects in 500,000 lines of code using a system of format development methods, peer reviews, and statistical testing."&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Obviously, the references cited are rather old, but from browsing through different posts on that webpage, i got the impression that a rate of 0.1 bugs per KLOC would be a conservative (likely underestimate) estimate. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Are estimates known for climate models, and satellite retrieval products?&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-6469153692010563188?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/6469153692010563188/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=6469153692010563188&amp;isPopup=true' title='4 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/6469153692010563188'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/6469153692010563188'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/07/coding-errors-how-many-errors-are-on.html' title='Coding errors - how many errors are on average in a lengthy code?'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>4</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-1394363911176145542</id><published>2011-07-19T17:21:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-07-19T17:21:02.182+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Klimaskeptiker'/><title type='text'>Argumente der Klimaspektiker</title><content type='html'>Jemand hat mir diese Frage gestellt:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Gibt es eine gute Webseite, auf der die Argumente der Klimaskeptiker&amp;nbsp;widerlegt werden? Habe die &lt;a href="http://www.pik-potsdam.de/~stefan/alvensleben_kommentar.html"&gt;Auseinandersetzung mit solchen Thesen&lt;/a&gt; von Stefan Rahmstorf gefunden, gibt's&amp;nbsp;da nicht noch was anderes?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ich kann leider nicht weiterhelfen, aber vielleicht einige der Leser. Mir ist klar, dass da möglicherweise einiges Emotionales hochkocht, ich bitte dennoch um Contenance in den Reaktionen.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-1394363911176145542?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/1394363911176145542/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=1394363911176145542&amp;isPopup=true' title='92 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/1394363911176145542'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/1394363911176145542'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/07/argumente-der-klimaspektiker.html' title='Argumente der Klimaspektiker'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>92</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-1052747228281937141</id><published>2011-07-18T18:21:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-07-18T18:21:39.751+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Lenton'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='2°-goal'/><title type='text'>Tim Lenton discusses in nature the  2 °-goal.</title><content type='html'>Tim Lenton published on May 4,2011, in Nature 473, 7 (2011) | doi:10.1038/473007a the article&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;2 °C or not 2 °C? That is the climate question&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Editorial introduction: &lt;i&gt;Targets to limit the global temperature rise won't prevent climate disruption. Tim Lenton says that policy-makers should focus on regional impacts.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Key Statement: &lt;i&gt;I suggest that the UNFCCC be extended. The climate problem, and the political targets presented as a solution, should be aimed at restricting anthropogenic radiative forcing to limit the rate and gradients of climate change, before limiting its eventual magnitude.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All this reminds me on the Hartwell paper, but I do not see a reference to this paper.&lt;br /&gt;A more complete text is published as&amp;nbsp; Focus Article&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lenton, T.M.,&amp;nbsp; 2011: Beyond 2°C: Redefining dangerous limate change for physical systems&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;in &lt;i&gt;WIRES Climate Change&lt;/i&gt; 2,&amp;nbsp; 451-461&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-1052747228281937141?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/1052747228281937141/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=1052747228281937141&amp;isPopup=true' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/1052747228281937141'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/1052747228281937141'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/07/tim-lenton-discusses-in-nature-2-goal.html' title='Tim Lenton discusses in &lt;i&gt;nature&lt;/i&gt; the  2 °-goal.'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-627352251656062568</id><published>2011-07-17T00:24:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2011-07-17T01:40:57.607+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Buckets of questions</title><content type='html'>A new version of sea-surface temperature data corrects some bias due to the different methods to measure water temperature, either with non-insulated buckets, insulated buckets and engine intakes. However, the global sea-surface temperature history still raises many questions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The reader here will be disappointed if he/she expects an extension of yet another battle between the  &lt;a href="http://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2011/07/revisiting-historical-ocean-surface-temperatures/"&gt;realclimate&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://climateaudit.org/2011/07/11/more-misrepresentations-from-realclimate/"&gt;climateaudit&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://rogerpielkejr.blogspot.com/2011/07/making-stuff-up-at-real-climate.html"&gt;Pielke Jr.'s  blog&lt;/a&gt;. Those thirsty for real bloggospheric action are kindly invited to go there. Here, you will read some open thoughts about the so far best curve that describes the long-term history of global average sea-surface-temperature (SST) measurements. The relevant paper by Kennedy et al has been just published, and I  reproduce the main Figure from that paper below:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AedqhWiajL4/TiINWibII2I/AAAAAAAAAFA/WxcY4V-DLXg/s1600/part_2_figinline.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="230" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AedqhWiajL4/TiINWibII2I/AAAAAAAAAFA/WxcY4V-DLXg/s320/part_2_figinline.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;i&gt;Figure from &lt;a href="http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadsst3/part_2_figinline.pdf"&gt;Kennedy et al.&lt;/a&gt; "Reassessing biases and other uncertainties in sea-surface&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;temperature observations measured in situ since 1850, part 2:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;biases and homogenisation".Global-average SST anomaly (relative to&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;1961-1990) showing the cumulative eﬀect of adding diﬀerent error components (coloured areas): median HadSST3 value (black) 2-sigma uncertainty arising from assumptions in bias adjustments (purple); measurement and sampling error, assuming these are uncorrelated between grid boxes (red); and the uncertainty including the intergrid box correlations (blue) and the total uncertainty including all the above terms and the coverage uncertainty (orange). The lower panel shows the sizes of the individual components as 2-sigma uncertainties.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1) The sea-surface temperature has clearly risen from  1900 until today by roughly 0.9 K. The main question here that any scientist would like to answer is what are the factors or combination of factors that have caused this warming. Note that even if temperatures had been much higher in , say 1800, even much higher than today -which I doubt - this question would remain. We see a change and we have to find an explanation for that  change. Now imagine that temperatures had remained constant at 17 C over the whole 20th century. The question would then be why global mean SST are 17 C. In both cases there is  a question to answer, and the explanation should involve known physical processes.  By this I mean among other things that,  for instance, 'recovery from the Little ice ' is not a known physical process that is described by any known equation. Also, natural oscillations are not a known physical phenomenon per se. If there is a 'natural oscillation' there is something that oscillates and for some reason. What is that and what makes it (quasi) oscillate ? Neither is an answer of the type 'it was warmer in the Medieval Warm period, so I dont care' permissible.&lt;br /&gt;I think t we all should require  physically consistent  explanation from any theory of climate change, and not only from the anthropogenic greenhouse effect . &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2) The increase has not been &lt;strike&gt;monotonous &lt;/strike&gt;monotonic though. If we would set up a poll among our readers to define different phases in the history of SST, I am pretty sure that all would come up with the same ,o r with a very similar answer: cooling up to 1910, warming  up to 1945, cooling up to 1975, warming up to  now (here some would argue that the last 10 years SST has been stable, but we want to focus here on the 20th century development). This is a second question that also needs an explanation. There are some around,  involving a combination of external climate forcings and internal quasi-oscillations. But what it is really striking - I think- is the fact that these warming and cooling phases are so sharply defined. The figure above shows annual mean values, but I venture to think that if we had the monthly mean values we would even be able to pin down the months in which the trends flip. To state it provocatively, we could perhaps identify the month in the year 1910 in which global warming began. Considering that these are globally averaged  data of a quite complex geophysical system, measured with some error range, I find this truly remarkable. All of us would tend to think that at these large spatial scales, nature should behave more more smoothly.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3) The warming  trend between 1910 and 1945 is quite similar to the warming trend between 1975 and today, 0.6 K in 30 years, although the external forcings have been qualitatively and quantitatively quite different. Maybe it is just a fluke, or maybe SST for some reason can only increase at a maximum pace, shovelling all heat flux above a certain threshold  to the deeper ocean. Anyway, adopting an agnostic uninformed  point of view, a simple extrapolation of these trends in the 20th century into the future would already result in 1.8 K  warming of SST between 2000 and 2100.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-627352251656062568?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/627352251656062568/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=627352251656062568&amp;isPopup=true' title='29 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/627352251656062568'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/627352251656062568'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/07/buckets-of-questions.html' title='Buckets of questions'/><author><name>eduardo</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/17725131974182980651</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ZfHbCG3yJ9A/TN_i6lqM-kI/AAAAAAAAADU/BVSBSyzQqcg/S220/smalldsc00588.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AedqhWiajL4/TiINWibII2I/AAAAAAAAAFA/WxcY4V-DLXg/s72-c/part_2_figinline.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>29</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-343991087356447126</id><published>2011-07-14T21:05:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2011-07-15T12:26:53.279+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Frauen'/><title type='text'>Dietmar Herdt zum Thema „Frauen im Wissenschaftsbetrieb“</title><content type='html'>Inspiriert durch das &lt;a href="http://coast.hzg.de/staff/storch/Media/interviews/AS/bliesner.1106.pdf"&gt;Interview mit Bette Otto-Bliesner&lt;/a&gt; für die Atmospheric Science Newsletter der American Geophysical Union, einige Anmerkungen von Dietmar Herdt zum Thema „Frauen im Wissenschaftsbetrieb“.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ich arbeite als Fachlehrer für Physik und Mathematik an der Nell-Breuning-Europaschule in Rödermark. Die Mittelstufe (Klassen 5 bis 10) ist als Integrierte Gesamtschule organisiert, die Gymnasiale Oberstufe (11 bis 13) ist eine so genannte „Profiloberstufe“. Die Schülerinnen und Schüler wählen sich jeweils in ein „Profil“ ein, das aus einem Leistungskurs und verbindlich zugeordneten Grundkursen besteht.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Die naturwissenschaftlichen Profile leisten für die universitären (hier Natur-) Wissenschaften wichtige Zubringerdienste, auch für die Emanzipation von Mädchen und Frauen. Neben der Erfüllung fachlicher Voraussetzungen bemühen wir uns bei den Schülerinnen auch um eine positive Grundstimmung gegenüber technisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Studienfächern. Dies gilt in besonderem Maße für das von mir betreute „Profil Naturphilosophie“, eine Fächerkombination mit dem Leistungskurs Physik und den verbindlichen Grundkursen Englisch (Scientific English) und Ethik (Verantwortung von Wissenschaft und Technik).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bereits in den 11. Klassen werden für die als sehr umfangreich bekannten kinematischen und dynamischen Messreihen an der Luftkissenfahrbahn verstärkt die Mädchen herangezogen. Haben die ihre Scheu vor der Apparatur und vor der Klasse abgelegt, verklingt sehr schnell ihre innere Stimme, nach der Physik und Technik die Sache der Jungs sei. Zu unseren Leitsprüchen gehört der Satz: „Wenn Physik so schwer wäre, könnten es die Jungs (auch) nicht!“&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Unserer systematischen Aufbauarbeit bei den Mädchen ist es zu verdanken, dass seit der Gründung des Profils Naturphilosophie im Jahr 1995 in unseren Physikleistungskursen bis zu 50 Prozent Mädchen sitzen, mit zum Teil sehr guten und sogar überragenden Leistungen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In den 11. Klassen stelle ich seit mehr als dreißig Jahren Unterrichtserfahrung in Mathematik und Physik fest:&lt;br /&gt;Die mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlich (sehr) guten Schülerinnen gehören oft auch in den sprachlichen Fächern zu den Besten ihres Jahrgangs, haben also ein breites Begabungsprofil und können ihre Leistungskurse frei wählen. Ohne unsere besonderen Anstrengungen wären diese Mädels kaum für ein naturwissenschaftliches Profil zu gewinnen. Bei den Jungs gibt es dagegen die typischen Physiker/Mathematiker, die mit den so genannten „Laberfächern“ nicht viel im Sinn haben. Die wählen ohnehin Physik.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ein besonderes Highlight war die Kooperation mit einer befreundeten Physikprofessorin. Mit ihr haben wir z.B. einen Aerodynamiklehrgang in den 11. Klassen durchgeführt und unsere bislang erfolgreichste Präsentaion „Finding Nano: Nanotechnology and Responsibility“ erarbeitet. Damit wurden wir auch an die Humboldtuniversität in Berlin eingeladen, um das bundesweite Projekt „piko –Physik im Kontext“ zu eröffnen.&lt;br /&gt;Die Englischkurse im Profil Naturphilosophie werden von ausgewählten Kolleginnen unterrichtet, die mit ihrer Persönlichkeit und ihrem fachlichen Wissen und Können den kosmopolitischen und kulturellen Anspruch unterstützen. Durch ihre Öffnung für die moderne Physik gewinnt unser vermeintlich schnödes Fach an Ansehen, auch im Kollegium.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mit unseren Profilwochen, in denen einmal pro Schuljahr (12/13) eine multimediale Präsentation zu einem fächerübergreifenden Thema erarbeitet wird, bringen wir Mädchen und Jungs zusammen. Modernes Infotainment, eigene Wissenschaftssongs, Theaterszenen, anspruchsvolle Videotechnik und Gags sind einerseits ein feuilletonistisches Angebot für die breiter angelegten Mädchen. Andererseits öffnen wir den Jungs die Augen für einen weiteren Blick auf das große Ganze: „Wer nur Physik versteht, versteht auch die nicht.“&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Zu unseren Themen gehören Quantenphysik, Relativität und Kosmologie, Wissenschaftsphilosophie und –geschichte (Paradigmenwechsel von der Klassischen zur Modernen Physik), Verantwortungsethik u.a.&lt;br /&gt;Unsere Präsentationen sind seit vielen Jahren erfolgreich bei Schülerwettbewerben, z.B. bei science on stage. Wir präsentieren jedes Jahr bei der Abschlussveranstaltung beim Schülerforum des VDI in der Hochschule Frankfurt. In diesem Jahr haben wir uns mit dem aktuellen Bestseller Stephen Hawking kritisch auseinandergesetzt. Das letzte Wort in dem multimedialen Play hatten drei unserer Mädchen, die als „Doktorantinnen von Hawking“ ihren Meister in Faust’scher Reimform in die Schranken wiesen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Meist stehen unsere Projekte im thematischen Zusammenhang mit den Rödermärker Hochschultagen und den &lt;a href="http://www.nellbreuningsymposium.de/"&gt;Nell-Breuning-Symposien&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Über meine Facebook-Kontakte habe ich zahlreiche positive Rückmeldungen von Schülerinnen, die nach dem Abitur im Profil Naturphilosophie ein technisch-naturwissenschaftliches Studium absolviert haben, eine ganze Reihe mit abgeschlossener Promotion — überwiegend noch ohne eigene Familie bzw. Kinder.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bei der diesjährigen VDI-Veranstaltung wurden meine Leistungskurs-Physiker/innen (7 Jungs / 7 Mädchen) nach ihren Studienwünschen befragt. Alle gaben eine mathematisch-technische Richtung an. Das zeigt unsere besondere Verantwortung im Profil Naturphilosophie, in dem wir viel mehr studien- und berufsvorbereitend arbeiten müssen, als es die KollegInnen in den anderen Leistungskursen tun.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Meinen erfolgreichen Abiturientinnen empfehle ich besonders das Höhere Lehramt Mathematik/Physik — nicht ohne Erfolg.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hintergrund: Vor einiger Zeit hatten wir im Fachkollegium eine promovierte Physikerin, die als spätberufene Pädagogin an unsere Schule kam. Nach einem Jahrzehnt erfolgreicher Arbeit als Diplomphysikerin im Bereich Vakuumtechnik hatte sie sich ihren Kinderwunsch verwirklicht und arbeitete fortan als Teilzeitphysikerin. Wichtige Meetings fanden dann oft außerhalb ihrer Arbeitszeit statt, sie wurde systematisch ausgebootet. Diese Form des Mobbings war für sie der Anlass, eine zusätzliche Lehrerausbildung zu absolvieren. Seit vielen Jahren arbeitet sie nun erfolgreich als Gymnasiallehrerin – mit Teilzeit.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Für ihre früheren männlichen Kollegen war es einfacher, ihren Fulltime-Beruf mit der Familie zu verbinden.&lt;br /&gt;Im Lehrerberuf haben nun die Frauen den exklusiven Vorteil, dass sie ihre Arbeitszeit an die familiären Erfordernisse anpassen können, ohne besondere Nachteile.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Die oben genannte Professorin, die bereits Mitte dreißig eine C4-Professur innehatte, ist kinderlos — ein Beispiel dafür, dass für Frauen die ganz große Karriere ohne Kinder leichter möglich ist. Bei den Männern sehe ich dieses Problem nicht. Dieses traditionelle Rollenverständnis lässt viel weibliches Potenzial ungenutzt.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wir als Schule können nur die Weichen für die Studienwahl stellen. Die scientific communities und die Industrie sind gefordert, ihren Teil zu dem Jahrhundertprojekt „Emanzipation“ beizutragen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Unsere Jahrgangsberichte zu den verschiedenen Projekten und Präsentationen finden sich auf der &lt;a href="http://www.nellbreuningschule.de/cms/schullebenprojekte/naturwissenschaften/naturphilosophie.html"&gt;Schulhomepage&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-343991087356447126?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/343991087356447126/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=343991087356447126&amp;isPopup=true' title='6 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/343991087356447126'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/343991087356447126'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/07/dietmar-herdt-zum-thema-frauen-im.html' title='Dietmar Herdt zum Thema „Frauen im Wissenschaftsbetrieb“'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>6</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-949362401463326619</id><published>2011-07-14T15:40:00.006+02:00</published><updated>2011-07-14T16:11:34.984+02:00</updated><title type='text'>klimazwiebel enthüllt: IPCC beschließt Meeresspiegel-Ausstieg!</title><content type='html'>Anstatt "Klimarat feilscht um Daten zum Meeresspiegel-Anstieg" habe ich zuerst gelesen "Klimarat feilscht um Meeresspiegel &lt;b&gt;Ausstieg&lt;/b&gt;", was, nach Lektüre des Artikels von &lt;a href="http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/natur/0,1518,774312,00.html"&gt;Axel Bojanowski auf spiegel-online&lt;/a&gt; eigentlich auch eine gute Idee wäre. &lt;br /&gt;Der Artikel präsentiert wieder einmal die Klimaforscher als ein zänkisches Völkchen und den Weltklimarat als einen Basar, auf dem um die Höhe des Anstiegs der Ozeane gefeilscht wird. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob diese Art der Darstellung auf dem Zwang zum Kalauer beruht, dem die Medien manchmal unterliegen, oder ob sich die kleine community der 18 Wissenschaftler aus zehn Ländern den Ruf als feilschende Händler verdient haben, wenn sie sich um die richtige Höhe für den IPCC Report streiten.&amp;nbsp; Wie dem auch sei - wie so oft auf spiegel-online in letzter Zeit bekommt man auch hier wieder einen schön recherchierten Streifzug durch ein Teilgebiet der Klimaforschung präsentiert.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nicht ganz einsichtig ist mir allerdings die Eingangspassage des Artikels:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Eine Zahl sorgt für Unruhe in Wissenschaft und Politik. Die Zahl  entscheidet über viele Milliarden Euro Steuergelder. Im nächsten  Uno-Klimareport, der in etwa zwei Jahren erscheinen soll, wird die Zahl  festgeschrieben: Sie gibt an, wie stark die Ozeane bis zum Jahr 2100  voraussichtlich anschwellen werden. 146 Millionen Menschen leben weniger  als einen Meter über dem Meeresspiegel. Je höher der erwartete Anstieg  der Ozeane, desto mehr Geld müssen Staaten für Deiche und  Küstenschutzmauern ausgeben und desto mehr Menschen müssen vielleicht  umgesiedelt werden. &lt;/blockquote&gt;Stimmt das? Wird der Meeresspiegel auf Befehl vom IPCC ansteigen? Wird Merkel eine  Extra Steuer verlangen, weil im IPCC Bericht steht, dass wir die Küste besser schützen müssen? Richtet sich  der deutsche Küstenschutz überhaupt nach dem Klimabericht? Und der in  Bangla Desh? Das kommt mir wie eine schwere Überschätzung des  IPCC vor. Aber vielleicht irre ich mich da.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Doch abgesehen von dieser Irritation ist es faszinierend, Alex Bojanowski auf seinem Streifzug durch die Welt der Meeresspiegel Forschung zu folgen. Dabei trifft man auf alte Bekannte wie James Hansen (Prognose: 5 Meter Anstieg), Jim Houston und Bob Dean (gleichbleibendes Ansteigen im vergangenen Jahrhundert), Stefan Rahmstorf (1, 7 mm jährlich bis 1993, seitdem 3mm) oder Eduardo Zorita (seit acht Jahren Abschwächung des Anstiegs).&amp;nbsp; Dabei spielen das Grönlandeis, Satelittenmessungen,&amp;nbsp; Jahreszahlen von Messreihen oder der CO2 Ausstoß eine gewichtige Rolle:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Während James Hansen bis 2100 fünf Meter in Aussicht stellt, glaubt sein  Kollege Simon Holgate, dass das Meer "selbst beim höchsten  Treibhausgasausstoß" unter einem Meter Erhöhung bleibt. Sollte sich das  Anschwellen der Ozeane nicht weiter beschleunigen, stünden die Ozeane im  globalen Durchschnitt am Ende des Jahrhunderts lediglich 27 Zentimeter  höher. &lt;/blockquote&gt;So ist das. Damit kann man leben, und damit muss man wohl auch leben:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Diese grob voneinander abweichenden Abschätzungen miteinander zu  vereinbaren, versuchen derzeit die 18 Mitglieder der  Meeresspiegel-Arbeitsgruppe des Uno-Klimarats. &lt;/blockquote&gt;Stimmt das eigentlich? Müssen die Zahlen vereinbart werden, oder kann man sie nicht einfach neben- bzw. hintereinander stellen? Das zumindest wäre mein Vorschlag.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Und zum Schluss versucht sich Alex Bojanowski als Orakel:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Im Gedächtnis der  Weltöffentlichkeit und der Politiker aber wird wie immer vor allem der  Extremwert für den maximal möglichen Pegelanstieg bleiben - es ist die  vielleicht wichtigste Zahl des gesamten Uno-Klimareports.  &lt;/blockquote&gt;Vielleicht bleibt den Menschen aber auch in Erinnerung, dass wir tatsächlich nur einen kleinen Ausschnitt kennen von den Bedingungen, die unser Dasein ausmachen. Vielleicht bleibt ihnen in Erinnerung, dass wir so wenig wissen und dennoch handeln müssen, weil wir eben sind, was wir sind - Menschen mit beschränktem Horizont.&amp;nbsp; Allein für diese Erkenntnis muss man den Klima- und Ozeanforschern dankbar sein. Wenn es dem IPCC gelingt, die Vielfalt dieser Forschungen, der Prognosen und Interpretationen darzustellen, dann liefert er einen würdigen Weltklimabericht ab.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-949362401463326619?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/949362401463326619/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=949362401463326619&amp;isPopup=true' title='18 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/949362401463326619'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/949362401463326619'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/07/anstatt-klimarat-feilscht-um-daten-zum.html' title='klimazwiebel enthüllt: IPCC beschließt Meeresspiegel-Ausstieg!'/><author><name>Werner Krauss</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15094636819952421339</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>18</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-3684684363919274386</id><published>2011-07-12T21:58:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-07-12T21:58:52.480+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='BMBF Dialog Online'/><title type='text'>BMBF bietet Onlinedialog an zum Thema Energietechnologien</title><content type='html'>Das Presserefereat des Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) teilt mit:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung wird die Erforschung neuer Energietechnologien in einen &lt;br /&gt;intensiven Dialog mit der Zivilgesellschaft einbetten. Ab heute können Bürgerinnen und Bürger auf dem &lt;br /&gt;Onlineportal &lt;a href="http://www.buergerdialog-bmbf.de" target="_blank"&gt;www.buergerdialog-bmbf.de&lt;/a&gt; an einem moderierten Onlinedialog teilnehmen und über Risiken und &lt;br /&gt;Chancen von Energietechnologien diskutieren. &lt;br /&gt;In den nächsten Monaten wird der Dialog nicht nur im Netz geführt, sondern Bürgerinnen und Bürger können &lt;br /&gt;die Energiediskussion auch auf Veranstaltungen wie den deutschlandweiten Bürgerkonferenzen und Bürgerwerkstätten&amp;nbsp; vertiefen.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-3684684363919274386?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/3684684363919274386/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=3684684363919274386&amp;isPopup=true' title='44 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/3684684363919274386'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/3684684363919274386'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/07/bmbf-bietet-onlinedialog-zum-thema.html' title='BMBF bietet Onlinedialog an zum Thema Energietechnologien'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>44</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-7182334438062108681</id><published>2011-07-11T00:15:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2011-07-11T00:36:38.283+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Eliasson II: Take your time</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7LLWvhgOyak/ThokApK2EkI/AAAAAAAABIo/pUaud-Rq2aM/s1600/09.Eliasson.360DegreeRoom-608x398.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="209" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7LLWvhgOyak/ThokApK2EkI/AAAAAAAABIo/pUaud-Rq2aM/s320/09.Eliasson.360DegreeRoom-608x398.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;This is the second post about Olafur Eliasson, the Danish-Icelandic artist. First one was about his &lt;a href="http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2010/04/side-glance-weather-project-by-olafur.html"&gt;weather project in Tate Modern&lt;/a&gt;, where he installed an artificial sun. This one is about an exhibition in 2010 in the Museum of Contemporary Art, where several installations on meteorology were on display. Tom Melick wrote a &lt;a href="http://sydney.concreteplayground.com.au/news/1196/meteorology-and-olafur-eliasson.htm"&gt;great piece&lt;/a&gt; about this project, which is of interest also for climate scientists. For two simple reasons: it is about weather / climate, and good poetry or art are as exact as science. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The leitmotif of Melick's article and his key to the exhibition is a quote from Mark Twain:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;i&gt;The weather is always doing something there; always attending  strictly to business; always getting up new designs and trying them on  the people to see how they will go.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Eliasson as an artist does exactly what the weather does:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;His project might best be described as an attempt to alter our  sensory perception of the natural world via the principles supplied by  nature.He is, like the weather, in the business of experiences. &amp;nbsp; &lt;/blockquote&gt;Our current discussions for example of recent extreme weather events are part of the long history of human response to weather events; weather that does something to us; weather&amp;nbsp; which is "in fact &lt;i&gt;interested&lt;/i&gt; in how we ‘the people’ will react to its experiments, conjuring up new patterns and shapes to see how we might respond."&amp;nbsp; What an amazing idea that is: weather / climate is watching us, not only the other way round.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_sKPuuOyQDQ/ThokLRLUYiI/AAAAAAAABIs/esIkERl_xAo/s1600/12.Eliasson.RoomForOneColor.1-608x303.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="159" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_sKPuuOyQDQ/ThokLRLUYiI/AAAAAAAABIs/esIkERl_xAo/s320/12.Eliasson.RoomForOneColor.1-608x303.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;It's not easy to make weather; in fact,&amp;nbsp; Melick lists some of the staff who works for Eliasson in his Berlin studio:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;A few of the employees to be seen working in Eliasson’s Berlin studio  include: two electricians, an electrical engineer, two blacksmiths, a  carpenter, a furniture builder, geometricians, artists, architects, a  light planner, occasional model makers, as well as an archive department  housing two or three art historians, a bookkeeper and a project  manager. &lt;/blockquote&gt;Meteorology is (just as climate science is) a science that deals with predictions / prophecies; it brings a glimpse of the future into our "cultivated sense of space".&amp;nbsp; Melick has an excellent interpretation here of the ambivalent attitude of the audience to these prophecies from the unknown; here it is about the weather, but in my guess the same is true for climate:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Eliasson believes that “like a time traveler, weather predictions are  able to get a small part of the yet abstract future and include it in  our cultivated sense of space.” So if we follow him here, this might  explain why weather forecasts – these little prophecies happening  everyday – are so appealing.&amp;nbsp; Although we are forced to admit that  everything is subject to the unstable laws of the unknown, it’s  comforting to know that the weather tomorrow is more or less  predictable. Yet we shouldn’t forget that this is often coupled with an  equally fulfilling sensation when the weatherman/woman gets it wrong, as  though their mistake is visible proof that the undecided and spasmodic  tendency of the universe invades &lt;i&gt;all&lt;/i&gt; areas of human  measurement. In this way the weather is a rare teacher, since as  Buckminster Fuller observed, ‘tiny as man is, he rarely has the  opportunity to identify his measurable stature in history.’&lt;/blockquote&gt;Weather is on the surface. Eliason's rooms and installations are described as being on the surface, too. These installations do not teach much. Melick is criticial about over-ambitious interpretations; instead, he recommends that&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;i&gt;Take Your Time&lt;/i&gt;  might best be approached like a collection of climates ready for your  sensory participation rather than a space where an epiphany should  occur, or where a community can spontaneously commence.&lt;/blockquote&gt;He suggests that the exhibition might be a good remedy for those&amp;nbsp; "with a predisposition for being dramatically affected by the weather", such as people getting depressed during long periods of darkness in Nordic winters. The same might be true for those among us who get depressed from time to time during long periods of monotonous climate interpretation, be it alarmist or skeptic: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;Once you’re in the space most glum and lugubrious feelings momentarily  or partially wash away – whether you encounter the man-made rainbow or  an entire wall made out of Norwegian moss.&lt;/blockquote&gt;For Eliasson, quite literally,&amp;nbsp; weather and climate are constructions; he constructs them for the audience. On the other hand, we make in his exhibitions or in the other one, the great exhibition called planet earth, experiences, our senses are affected, and our perceptions change according to ever new patterns; something acts upon us. When we talk about the weather or when we discuss climate - do we talk about nature or culture? This question doesn't make sense anymore.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-7182334438062108681?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/7182334438062108681/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=7182334438062108681&amp;isPopup=true' title='7 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/7182334438062108681'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/7182334438062108681'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/07/eliasson-ii-take-your-time.html' title='Eliasson II: Take your time'/><author><name>Werner Krauss</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/15094636819952421339</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7LLWvhgOyak/ThokApK2EkI/AAAAAAAABIo/pUaud-Rq2aM/s72-c/09.Eliasson.360DegreeRoom-608x398.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>7</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-6027522041213743127</id><published>2011-07-07T18:33:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2011-07-08T10:02:53.429+02:00</updated><title type='text'>125 Jahre Sonnblick Observatorium, Public Science Day</title><content type='html'>Das Sonnblick Observatorium in Österreich feiert am 2-4 September in Rauris seinen  125 Jahrestag, zusammen mit dem ZAMG, mit einem Public Science Day, einer wissenschaftlichen Wanderung und einer Führung durch das Observatorium .  Sicherlich interessant fuer alle Klima-aficionados. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-WFUW8jxIyHg/ThXbDtNYuzI/AAAAAAAAAE4/Wg5U7WQjAv8/s1600/s1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-WFUW8jxIyHg/ThXbDtNYuzI/AAAAAAAAAE4/Wg5U7WQjAv8/s320/s1.jpg" width="294" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Weitere Details (Program, Anmeldung, etc)  können &lt;a href="http://coast.hzg.de/staff/zorita/flyer_125sbk_festakt.pdf"&gt;hier&lt;/a&gt; entnommen werden.&lt;br /&gt;Davor findet in Salzburg eine wissenschatliche Konferenz: &lt;a href="http://coast.hzg.de/staff/zorita/125sonnblick-conf-programme.pdf"&gt;International Symposium on&lt;br /&gt;Climate Change in High Mountain Regions From Understanding of the Past to Modelling of the Future&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;vom 29. August bis zum  1. September 2011 stat. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Und als Zugabe, wird auch ein Buch zur Geschichte des  Sonnblick-Observatoriums herausgegeben (&lt;a href="http://coast.hzg.de/staff/zorita/Sonnblickbuch-Deutsch.pdf"&gt;Broschüre&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-6027522041213743127?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/6027522041213743127/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=6027522041213743127&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/6027522041213743127'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/6027522041213743127'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/07/125-jahre-sonnblick-observatorium.html' title='125 Jahre Sonnblick Observatorium, Public Science Day'/><author><name>eduardo</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/17725131974182980651</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ZfHbCG3yJ9A/TN_i6lqM-kI/AAAAAAAAADU/BVSBSyzQqcg/S220/smalldsc00588.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-WFUW8jxIyHg/ThXbDtNYuzI/AAAAAAAAAE4/Wg5U7WQjAv8/s72-c/s1.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-759793654642252016</id><published>2011-07-04T15:12:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2011-07-04T23:53:22.194+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Have the Greens lost the plot?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Admin/BkFill/Default_image_group/2011/7/1/1309543455357/An-anti-nuclear-protest-f-007.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img border="0" height="192" src="http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Admin/BkFill/Default_image_group/2011/7/1/1309543455357/An-anti-nuclear-protest-f-007.jpg" width="320" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;The &lt;a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2011/jul/02/green-movement-lost-its-way"&gt;Guardian reported&lt;/a&gt; under the headline "Has the green movement lost its way? Anti-nuclear, anti-capitalist, anti-flying: the green movement may have alienated more people than it has won over, and there are now calls for a new kind of environmentalism"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This refers to the debate in the UK and it will be interesting to see what you make of it when looking at Germany.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;The article portrays former activist and journalist Mark Lynas, novelist Ian McEwan and activist Tamsin Omond.&lt;br /&gt;Lynas has come out in favour of nuclear power: "Anyone who still marches against nuclear today," he writes, "as many thousands of people did in Germany following the Fukushima accident, is in my view just as bad for the climate as textbook eco-villains like the big oil&amp;nbsp;companies."&lt;br /&gt;He is now also in favour of GM food and thinks the green movement should engage more positively with market capitalism. "If it becomes a culture war like the debate over abortion or something, you can't win," he says. "I&amp;nbsp;want an environmental movement that is happy with capitalism, which goes out there and says yes rather than no, and is rigorous about the way it treats science. The green movement needs a clause-four moment – the Labour party had to go through that." (note: clause four meant to reject the Socialist principles).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, it is one thing to realize that we are in a culture war, as we see every day also on this blog. It is quite another thing to get away from it. Lynas seems to rely on science to do so. As Roger Pielke Jr has pointed out, using the example of abortion politics and tornado politics,&amp;nbsp; climate change cannot be treated as tornado politics despite all attempts to scientize the issue. Important value decisions are attached to it which cannot be wished away.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tamsin Omond of direct action group Climate Rush recalls the period leading up to Copenhagen: "2009 was the year we said we would do one action a month, and we&amp;nbsp;did. Everyone saw this as the one chance and the feeling of momentum – that we only had to work really hard until December, and then we could have a rest – was really present. Everything we did would get in the papers and journalists were phoning up&amp;nbsp;all the time. I was completely caught&amp;nbsp;up in it."&lt;br /&gt;One wonders where the political instinct went during this period of blind activism.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;McEwan makes an interesting comment about the waning importance of cliamte change in terms of political importance. "Most&amp;nbsp;issues have a narrative, with the sense of an ending or resolution – the referendum is passed, the government falls – but this really is a lifetime story, and not just our lifetime, but our children's and their children's. We are decades away from the point where we say, 'We've finally deflected the rising curve of Co2 emissions, so let's have one&amp;nbsp;last push to fix it for good.' We've made no impact on this rising curve as yet, and it's hard to keep interest and optimism alive." &lt;br /&gt;This is the problem with the current framing of the issue as CO2 issue. If we focused on other short term climate forcings (such as HFCs, black carbon, methane, deforestation, as outlined in the &lt;a href="http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/27939/"&gt;Hartwell Paper&lt;/a&gt;) we could make visible progress and keep optimism alive. UNEPs Achim Steiner has outlined as much, see &lt;a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2011/jun/14/black-carbon-emissions-benefits?INTCMP=SRCH"&gt;here&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Instead of engaging with such alternatives, McEwan offers a real letdown: "I've never voted for the Tories, but I'd make my judgments at the next general election based entirely on the respective parties' attitudes and intentions in matters of climate change. This is the overwhelming issue that encloses all others. If Cameron and friends came up with a more feasible and effective plan than Miliband, then I&amp;nbsp;would have to vote for it. I think that's all we, as citizens, can do."&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-759793654642252016?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/759793654642252016/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=759793654642252016&amp;isPopup=true' title='12 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/759793654642252016'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/759793654642252016'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/07/have-greens-lost-plot.html' title='Have the Greens lost the plot?'/><author><name>Reiner Grundmann</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/12759452975366986236</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>12</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-4434093767321682295</id><published>2011-07-03T16:01:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2011-07-03T16:03:43.689+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Testing climate models</title><content type='html'>Climate models are certainly improving, albeit more slowly than many would hope for. They are far from perfect.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Paul Valdes from Bristol University has an interesting paper in the last issue of &lt;a href="http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v4/n7/full/ngeo1200.html"&gt;Nature Geosciences &lt;/a&gt;about the reliability of climate models. He basically claims that climate models fail to reproduce past climate, in particular some abrupt climate change that happened in the deep past of Earth's history. This is not really a scoop, as Paul Valdes explains in &lt;a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b006qyyb"&gt;this interview&lt;/a&gt;  with Quentin Cooper in  Material World, a BBC Radio 4 program. Does it mean that climate change will be worse than so far predicted by climate models ?  Answer: we do not know.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-4434093767321682295?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/4434093767321682295/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=4434093767321682295&amp;isPopup=true' title='37 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/4434093767321682295'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/4434093767321682295'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/07/testing-climate-models.html' title='Testing climate models'/><author><name>eduardo</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/17725131974182980651</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_ZfHbCG3yJ9A/TN_i6lqM-kI/AAAAAAAAADU/BVSBSyzQqcg/S220/smalldsc00588.jpg'/></author><thr:total>37</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-4505472097888626982</id><published>2011-07-02T18:10:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2011-07-02T18:13:23.602+02:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='survey'/><title type='text'>Another survey - this time in English</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;The ad-hoc survey, which I had used in German among &lt;a href="http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/06/ad-hoc-umfrage-unter-kreuzfahrt.html"&gt;passengers on a cruise-ship&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp; and &lt;a href="http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/07/neue-ad-hoc-umfrage.html"&gt;persons involved in water management&lt;/a&gt;, has been used by a European company involved in risk management.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;About 38 people participated (so that 3% is 1 person),with this &lt;b&gt;background&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;University graduate in a field unrelated to climate science - 52%&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;University graduate in a field related to climate science - 8% &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Stakeholder in political or business decisions&amp;nbsp; - 32%&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Interested citizen - 8%&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;The survey was done with a WLAN-based technology, so that answers popped up after a few seconds on a screen, and participants could see the overall result after having voted for in&amp;nbsp; private. Seemingly this format was very well received, maybe because it generated a perception of active participation of the audience&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;English questions were used, very similar to those in my German survey. For technical reasons (no multiple answers were possible) one of my questions, the one related to the manifestation of climate change could not be dealt with. All questions allowed only on answer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Is climate change happening&lt;/b&gt;, whether due to manmade or natural causes? &lt;br /&gt;yes: 82%, no 18%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Would you describe yourself as a climate-change sceptic? &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;yes: 39%, no 61%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Assuming climate change is a fact, what are its most likely causes&lt;/b&gt;, in your opinion? &lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;Mainly natural factors (including solar activity)&amp;nbsp; - 14%&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Mainly manmade emissions of greenhouse gases and other activities of civilisation - 43%&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Both of the above - 41%&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Neither of the above&amp;nbsp; - 3%&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;What should be the main aim now of climate policies? &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To wait until more facts become available - 3%&lt;br /&gt;To enforce significant emissions reductions - 15%&lt;br /&gt;To provide incentives for technology upgrades necessary to achieve emissions reductions - 61%&lt;br /&gt;To adapt to risks and to the changes they bring - 21%&lt;br /&gt;Other - 0%&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-4505472097888626982?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/4505472097888626982/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=4505472097888626982&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/4505472097888626982'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/4505472097888626982'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/07/another-survey-this-time-in-english.html' title='Another survey - this time in English'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-7294623088014192653</id><published>2011-07-02T17:11:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2011-07-02T18:14:39.449+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Neue ad-hoc Umfrage</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;Inzwischen konnte ich eine zweite meiner ad-hoc Umfragen durchführen - diesmal vor einem Publikum von meist aktiven fachnahen Wissenschaftlern und Entscheidern (Richtung Wasserwirtschaft).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name='more'&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gegenüber der "&lt;a href="http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/06/ad-hoc-umfrage-unter-kreuzfahrt.html"&gt;Kreuzfahrer-Umfrage&lt;/a&gt;" sind die Fragen unverändert.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Wiederum sei betont, dass dies keine repräsentative Umfrage ist, aber ein Stimmmungsbild liefert.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Zum &lt;i&gt;persönlichen Hintergrund&lt;/i&gt; bat ich um Antwort mit diesen Kategorien:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 8 - berufsaktiver, fachferner Akademiker&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 1 - pensionierter, fachferner Akademiker&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 20 - fachnaher Akademiker&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 4 - Person, die an politischen oder wirtschaftlichen Entscheidungen beteiligt ist&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 1 - interessierter Bürger&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;(Mehrfache Antworten möglich)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Inhaltlich ergaben die 29 rücklaufenden Fragebögen dieses Stimmungsbild:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Findet derzeit ein Klimawandel statt, egal ob menschgemacht oder natürlich?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;29 x ja.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Würden Sie sich als "Skeptiker" bezeichnen?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;9 x ja, 18 x nein, 2 x keine Antwort.&lt;br /&gt;Es war früher schon angemerkt worden, dass der Begriff eines "Skeptikers" durchaus sehr verschieden verstanden werden kann. Aber immerhin darf man hier schließen, dass 1/3 der Teilnehmer bei der Erwähnung von "Skeptikern" eine positive Assoziation haben.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Falls ein Klimawandel stattfindet, wie drückt sich dieser aus?&lt;/b&gt; In veränderter ...&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Temperatur - 26&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Meeresspiegel - 20&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; vermehrten Extremen - 21&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; mehr oder stärkeren Stürmen in Europa - 7 &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Aussterben von Tieren und Pflanzen - 11 &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; veränderten Gesundheitsrisiken 12 &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; mehr Klimaflüchtlingen - 12 &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;(Mehrfachnennungen)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Falls das Klima sich ändert – &lt;b&gt;welches sind die für Sie plausibelsten Gründe&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; überwiegend natürliche Faktoren (inkl. Sonnenaktivität) - 1&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; überwiegend menschliche Emissionen von Treibhausgasen und andere zivilisatorische Aktivitäten - 14&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Beides - 15&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Weder-Noch - 0 &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;Zur Klimapolitik – sollte diese sich derzeit konzentrieren&lt;/b&gt; auf&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;ul style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Abwarten, bis die Sachlage sich klarer darstellt - 1&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Erzwingung von erheblichen Emissionsminderungen - 14&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Förderung von Modernisierungen, die mit&amp;nbsp; Emissionsminderungen einhergehen - 23&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; die Anpassung an Risiken und deren&amp;nbsp; Veränderungen. - 24&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;i&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; andere Themen - 3 &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&amp;nbsp;(Mehrfachnennungen)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8216971263350849959-7294623088014192653?l=klimazwiebel.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/feeds/7294623088014192653/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=8216971263350849959&amp;postID=7294623088014192653&amp;isPopup=true' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/7294623088014192653'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8216971263350849959/posts/default/7294623088014192653'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://klimazwiebel.blogspot.com/2011/07/neue-ad-hoc-umfrage.html' title='Neue ad-hoc Umfrage'/><author><name>Hans von Storch</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08778028673130006646</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='33' height='24' src='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6bwD6M1SSoI/Sxv13k0KzNI/AAAAAAAAARY/dnsj5BG9DMY/S220/HvS.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8216971263350849959.post-4682373049426297583</id><published>2011-07-01T13:05:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2011-07-01T13:05:25.333+02:00</updated><title type='text'>Extreme weather link 'can no longer be ignored'</tit
